{"id":956,"date":"2021-08-04T13:45:43","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T13:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=956"},"modified":"2021-08-04T14:33:47","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T14:33:47","slug":"havacilik-sektorunde-kompozit-malzeme-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/08\/04\/havacilik-sektorunde-kompozit-malzeme-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Havac\u0131l\u0131k Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde Kompozit Malzeme Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong><strong>\u0130pek KOCAO\u011eLU<\/strong><\/strong><br><em>Uzman<br><em>Yenilik ve Giri\u015fimcilik Politikalar\u0131 Birimi<\/em><\/em><br><em><em><a href=\"mailto:tuba.ozakcan@izka.org.tr\">ipek.kocao\u011flu<\/a><a href=\"mailto:ipek.kocaoglu@izka.org.tr\">@izka.org.tr<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wright Karde\u015flerin 1903 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk motorlu u\u00e7u\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinden bu yana ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede u\u00e7aklar ah\u015fap, tel ve kuma\u015ftan imal edilmi\u015f hassas yap\u0131lardan, ileri teknolojili malzemelerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 makinelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinde \u00e7elik ve al\u00fcminyumun yerini giderek artan oranda kompozit malzemeler almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekil 1: Wright Karde\u015flerin U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 (1903)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"353\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-957\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-8.png 353w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-8-300x207.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><figcaption><em>Kaynak: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/collection-objects\/1903-wright-flyer\/nasm_A19610048000\"><em>https:\/\/airandspace.si.edu\/collection-objects\/1903-wright-flyer\/nasm_A19610048000<\/em><\/a><em> &nbsp;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ger\u00e7ekten de malzeme bilimindeki geli\u015fmelerden en fazla etkilenen sekt\u00f6rlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda havac\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Artan yak\u0131t maliyetlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fletme ve bak\u0131m maliyetleri ile \u00e7evresel d\u00fczenlemeler, havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisinde \u201cdaha fazla hafiflik\u201d aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc u\u00e7aklar\u0131n g\u00f6vde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi sa\u011flayarak hem karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 hem de i\u015fletme maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektedir. Bu noktada sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlikten \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden daha fazla hafiflik ihtiyac\u0131na kompozit malzemeler \u00e7are olmaktad\u0131r. Havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitlerinin geleneksel malzemelere k\u0131yasla sahip oldu\u011fu \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zellikler \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir: [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Daha fazla hafiflik<\/li><li>Y\u00fcksek darbe dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/li><li>Y\u00fcksek termal kararl\u0131l\u0131k<\/li><li>Metal yorgunlu\u011fu ve korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k<\/li><li>Daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck malzeme maliyeti<\/li><li>Radara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezlik (Radar stealth)<\/li><li>Ah\u015fap veya metal ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan aerodinamik \u015fekillerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/li><li>Par\u00e7a say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131larak montaj s\u00fcrecinin basitle\u015ftirilmesi<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kompozitlerinin Geli\u015fimi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisinde kompozit malzemelerin erken kullan\u0131m\u0131 1950&#8217;lerin sonlar\u0131nda Boeing 707 ve DC-9 gibi u\u00e7aklarla ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Cam elyaf\u0131 ile g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f plastik \u201cfiberglas\u201d, u\u00e7aklarda kullan\u0131lan ilk kompozit malzeme olmu\u015ftur. U\u00e7aklar\u0131n y\u00fcksek g\u00fcvenlik standartlar\u0131 nedeniyle, kompozitlerin yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famada ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta u\u00e7u\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fiyle do\u011frudan ilgili olmayan i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar, yan duvarlar, ba\u015f \u00fcst\u00fc dolaplar\u0131 ve mutfaklar gibi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl yap\u0131larda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1960&#8217;lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanan kompozitler; r\u00fczgarl\u0131klar, d\u00fcmenler, kanat\u00e7\u0131klar ve flaplar gibi ikincil u\u00e7ak yap\u0131lar\u0131na dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Ticari havac\u0131l\u0131kta kompozit malzemelerin en kritik uygulamalar\u0131, 1980\u2019li y\u0131llarda stabilizat\u00f6rler, kanatlar ve g\u00f6vde gibi birincil yap\u0131lar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda Boeing 737 yatay stabilizat\u00f6r\u00fcnde kompozit malzeme kullan\u0131m\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1990\u2019lardan itibaren \u00fcretim tekniklerindeki ilerlemelerle birlikte kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fan \u201ckarbon fiber\u201d, havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in devrim niteli\u011finde bir malzeme say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Airbus A310&#8217;da kullan\u0131lan ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 250 kg&#8217;dan fazla azaltan karbon fiber dikey stabilizat\u00f6r, bunun ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. [3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise yeni nesil ticari u\u00e7ak Boeing 787\u2019nin, &nbsp;stabilizat\u00f6rler, kanatlar ve g\u00f6vde dahil olmak \u00fczere yap\u0131sal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n %50&#8217;si kompozit malzemelerden imal edilmektedir. Benzer \u015fekilde Airbus&#8217;\u0131n \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an A350 XWB modeli %53 oran\u0131nda kompozitten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminde %25 tasarruf sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekil 2: Yeni nesil u\u00e7aklarda kompozit malzeme kullan\u0131m oran\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"246\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-9.png 443w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-9-300x167.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><figcaption><em>Kaynak: <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.boeing.com\/commercial\/aeromagazine\/articles\/qtr_4_06\/article_04_2.html\"><em>http:\/\/www.boeing.com\/commercial\/aeromagazine\/articles\/qtr_4_06\/article_04_2.html<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u00fcresel Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kompozitleri Pazar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisi bir \u00fclke olsayd\u0131, y\u0131lda 691,3 milyar dolar GSY\u0130H ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 17. b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi olurdu. [5] Bu devasa ekonomi i\u00e7inde kompozit kullan\u0131m\u0131 1980\u2019lerden bu yana her be\u015f y\u0131lda bir ikiye katlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [6]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Piyasa ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketi Global Market Insights\u2019\u0131n 2020 tarihli raporuna g\u00f6re, havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisinde kullan\u0131lan kompozitlerin pazar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2019&#8217;da 12,7 milyar dolar de\u011fere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri aras\u0131nda, elyaf t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re karbon fiber, re\u00e7ine t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re termosetler, u\u00e7ak t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re ticari u\u00e7ak segmenti, uygulama t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6reyse d\u0131\u015f uygulamalar pazarda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [7]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekil 3: K\u00fcresel Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kompozitleri Pazar G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"516\" height=\"272\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-959\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-10.png 516w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-10-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><figcaption><em>Kaynak: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\"><em>https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Malzeme T\u00fcr\u00fc ve Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131na G\u00f6re Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kompozitleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u00e7ak tipine g\u00f6re havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan<strong>, <\/strong>ticari u\u00e7ak segmenti en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazar pay\u0131na sahiptir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu segmentte Airbus ve Boeing gibi ticari u\u00e7ak \u00fcreticilerinden gelen k\u00fcresel talep 29 kilotonun \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. [8] \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n yak\u0131t verimlili\u011fine ili\u015fkin kat\u0131 emisyon standartlar\u0131n\u0131n ticari u\u00e7aklarda kompozit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elyaf t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri, karbon fiber, seramik elyaf, fiberglas ve di\u011ferleri olarak segmentlere ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<strong> <\/strong>Karbon fiber, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda %40&#8217;\u0131n \u00fczerinde payla havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri pazar\u0131na hakim olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6zellikle kanatlar, g\u00f6vde, motor kaplamalar\u0131, fan muhafazalar\u0131, d\u00f6\u015femeler ve i\u00e7 par\u00e7alar gibi uygulamalarda karbon fiber kompozitler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. [9]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Re\u00e7ine t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri, termosetler ve termoplastikler olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Termoset re\u00e7ineler, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda pazar gelirlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc elde etmi\u015ftir. [10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uygulama t\u00fcrleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015f (exterior) uygulamalar, pazar\u0131n %60\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Mukavemet, esneklik, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, kararl\u0131l\u0131k, hafiflik; \u0131s\u0131ya, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ve neme kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 gibi \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri d\u0131\u015f uygulamalarda daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n g\u00f6vdeleri, stabilizat\u00f6rler, kuyruklar, kanatlar, ini\u015f tak\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00f6n ve arka kenarlar ile motor kaplamalar\u0131nda bu malzemeler yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. [11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00f6lgesel pazarlara g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde ise, Kuzey Amerika&#8217;n\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitlerinde lider durumda oldu\u011fu, Boeing ve Lockheed Martin gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck havac\u0131l\u0131k \u015firketlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle 2019&#8217;da %40&#8217;\u0131n \u00fczerinde pazar pay\u0131 elde etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ar-Ge yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, hava yolculu\u011fu s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, daha ucuz fiyatlar gibi fakt\u00f6rlerin Kuzey Amerika&#8217;daki pazar talebini art\u0131rmas\u0131 ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck pazar olmaya devam etmesi beklenmektedir. [12]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekil 4: B\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re K\u00fcresel Havac\u0131l\u0131k Kompozitleri Pazar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"418\" height=\"231\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-11.png 418w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/image-11-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\" \/><figcaption><em>Kaynak: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\"><em>https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Gelecek \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisi, insan kaynakl\u0131 karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %2&#8217;sini \u00fcretmektedir. [13] Karayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na k\u0131yasla havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n karbon ayak izi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olsa da, uluslararas\u0131 sivil havac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n iklim \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmek amac\u0131yla havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisi \u00f6nc\u00fc ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 Sivil Havac\u0131l\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ICAO) taraf\u0131ndan 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa Y\u00f6nelik Karbon Denkle\u015ftirme ve Azaltma Program\u0131 (CORSIA) y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konmu\u015ftur. Buna g\u00f6re, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar net havac\u0131l\u0131k karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 2005&#8217;tekinin yar\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir. [14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 pek \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde oldu\u011fu gibi havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitlerine y\u00f6nelik talebi de olumsuz etkilemi\u015ftir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya havayollar\u0131 4,5 milyar yolcu ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f buna kar\u015f\u0131n pandemiyle birlikte getirilen seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 nedeniyle k\u00fcresel hava trafi\u011fi neredeyse durma noktas\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Tedarik zincirindeki gecikmeler, hammadde kesintileri ve kapanmalar, u\u00e7ak \u00fcreticilerini k\u0131smi kapasitelerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ticari u\u00e7ak sipari\u015flerindeki iptaller nedeniyle Airbus ve Boeing\u2019in, \u00f6nceki y\u0131la k\u0131yasla daha az say\u0131da u\u00e7ak teslim etmesi havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitlerine olan talebi de daraltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2021 sonras\u0131 iyimser senaryoda, seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131 ve tedarik zincirinde herhangi bir kesinti olmaks\u0131z\u0131n havac\u0131l\u0131k \u015firketleri tam kapasiteyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kompozit malzemelere olan talebin de tekrar art\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7mesi beklenmektedir. [15] G\u00fcncel sekt\u00f6r raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, havac\u0131l\u0131k kompozitleri pazar\u0131n\u0131n her y\u0131l ortalama %9 b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek 2026 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 15,7 milyar dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. [16]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisi, u\u00e7aklar\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha hafif, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha verimli hale getirmek i\u00e7in bir malzeme evrimi ge\u00e7irmektedir. Sekt\u00f6r devleri, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak, yak\u0131ttan tasarruf etmek ve ticari u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7evresel etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in u\u00e7aklara kompozit bile\u015fenler eklemektedir. Yeni \u00fcretim teknolojilerinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte kompozit malzemeler, gelece\u011fin u\u00e7aklar\u0131nda ba\u015frol\u00fc \u00fcstlenecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airbus.com\/newsroom\/news\/en\/2017\/02\/Material-evolution.html\">Aviation&#8217;s Material Evolution <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomasnet.com\/insights\/a-brief-history-of-aircraft-materials\">A Brief History of Aircraft Materials<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.azom.com\/article.aspx?ArticleID=8152\">Composites Used in the Aerospace Industry<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.iccm-central.org\/Proceedings\/ICCM16proceedings\/contents\/pdf\/MonA\/MoAM1-01sp_roeselerw228184p.pdf\">Composite Structures: The First 100 Years <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.airbus.com\/newsroom\/news\/en\/2017\/02\/Material-evolution.html\">Aviation&#8217;s Material Evolution<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atag.org\/facts-figures.html\">Air Transport Action Group &#8220;ATAG&#8221; <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/composites-in-aerospace-820418\">Composites in Aerospace <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\"><u>Industry Trends<\/u> <\/a><\/li><li><u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\">Industry Trends<\/a><\/u> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/aerospace-composites-market-246663558.html\">Aerospace Composites Market<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\"><u>Industry Trends<\/u> <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/aerospace-composites-market-246663558.html\">Aerospace Composites Market<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\"><u>Industry Trends<\/u> <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atag.org\/facts-figures.html\">Air Transport Action Group &#8220;ATAG&#8221;<\/a> <\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/aviationbenefits.org\/environmental-efficiency\/climate-action\/offsetting-emissions-corsia\/corsia\/corsia-explained\/\">CORSIA Explained <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marketsandmarkets.com\/Market-Reports\/aerospace-composites-market-246663558.html\">Aerospace Composites Market <\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/aerospace-composites-market\"><u>Industry Trends<\/u> <\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Havac\u0131l\u0131k end\u00fcstrisi, u\u00e7aklar\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, daha hafif, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha verimli hale getirmek i\u00e7in bir malzeme evrimi ge\u00e7irmektedir. Sekt\u00f6r devleri, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak, yak\u0131ttan tasarruf etmek ve ticari u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n \u00e7evresel etkilerini azaltmak i\u00e7in u\u00e7aklara kompozit bile\u015fenler eklemektedir. Yeni \u00fcretim teknolojilerinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte kompozit malzemeler, gelece\u011fin u\u00e7aklar\u0131nda ba\u015frol \u00fcstlenecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[281,196,202,7],"class_list":["post-956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yenilik-girisimcilik","tag-havacilik-sektoru","tag-ileri-malzeme-teknolojileri","tag-kompozit-malzeme","tag-yenilik-ve-girisimcilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=956"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":968,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/956\/revisions\/968"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}