{"id":946,"date":"2021-08-04T13:09:53","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T13:09:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=946"},"modified":"2021-08-04T13:09:56","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T13:09:56","slug":"yasadisi-balikcilik-ve-etkileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/08\/04\/yasadisi-balikcilik-ve-etkileri\/","title":{"rendered":"Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

E. Mustafa \u00dcST\u00dcNEL<\/strong><\/strong>
Uzman
Proje Uygulama ve \u0130zleme Birimi<\/em><\/em>
mustafa.ustunel@izka.org.tr<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 beslenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli protein kayna\u011f\u0131 olan bal\u0131k ve su \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin t\u00fcketimi d\u00fcnya genelinde giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Artan k\u00fcresel bal\u0131k t\u00fcketimi ve bu kapsamda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avlanma nedeniyle k\u00fcresel bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ciddi bir bask\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu bask\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avlanma sorununa da yol a\u00e7an yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131, Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve\/veya Kural D\u0131\u015f\u0131 (YKK) Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u0131zla artan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu, n\u00fcfusun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli beslenmesi sorununu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Artan n\u00fcfus ile \u015fehirle\u015fmenin de art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesi, karasal tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesine neden olmakta ve mevcut tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n beslenme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamakta yetersiz kalmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, bal\u0131k ve bal\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnleri di\u011fer yayg\u0131n proteinlerden daha y\u00fcksek protein ve enerji tutma kapasitesine sahip olup d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde beslenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir protein kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bal\u0131k ve bal\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan talep y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla giderek artmaktad\u0131r. FAO verilerine g\u00f6re, 1961-2017 d\u00f6neminde, g\u0131da olarak toplam bal\u0131k t\u00fcketiminin y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 % 3,1 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde y\u0131ll\u0131k % 1,6 olan n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u0131lda % 2,1 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren di\u011fer t\u00fcm hayvansal proteinli g\u0131dalar\u0131 (et, s\u00fct, s\u00fct vb.) geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0131da bal\u0131k t\u00fcketimi 9,0 kg’dan 20,3 kg’a, y\u0131lda ortalama y\u00fczde 1,5 oran\u0131nda y\u00fckselirken, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde toplam et t\u00fcketimi y\u0131lda % 1,1 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcketimdeki geni\u015fleme, yaln\u0131zca \u00fcretimdeki art\u0131\u015flardan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn birle\u015fiminden de kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleme, so\u011fuk zincir, nakliye ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mdaki teknolojik geli\u015fmeler, bal\u0131k ve bal\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine y\u00f6nelik artan taleple g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkili olan ki\u015filerin artan gelir d\u00fczeyi, kay\u0131p ve at\u0131kta azalma ve t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k yararlar\u0131 konusunda artan fark\u0131ndal\u0131k bal\u0131k t\u00fcketimini art\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rler olmu\u015ftur (FAO, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131da detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte bal\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan talep y\u0131llar itibar\u0131yla art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermektedir. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme gelen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avlanman\u0131n bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bask\u0131 ciddi boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup FAO’nun de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re, biyolojik olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir seviyelerde olan bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131n\u0131n oran\u0131 1974’te % 90 iken 2017’de % 65,8’e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avlanmaya da neden olarak k\u00fcresel bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bask\u0131 yaratan \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genellikle ruhsats\u0131z bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, kapal\u0131 bir alanda bal\u0131k av\u0131, yasak ekipmanlarla avlanma, kota \u00fczerinde avlanma veya yasakl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin avlanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelen yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, kapsaml\u0131 \u015fekilde ilk kez FAO taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131mlanan Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131, Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve\/veya Kural D\u0131\u015f\u0131 (YKK) bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131, Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve\/veya Kural D\u0131\u015f\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yasalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fneyen veya bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yasalar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerinin eri\u015fimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen t\u00fcm bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d, devletin karasular\u0131nda devletin izni olmadan veya yasalar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan ve B\u00f6lgesel Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00f6netim \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (RFMO) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla iki veya daha fazla \u00fclke aras\u0131nda kabul edilen yasalara ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak devlete kay\u0131tl\u0131 gemilerle yap\u0131lan bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerine at\u0131fta bulunur; “Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k”, ulusal veya b\u00f6lgesel d\u00fczenlemelere ve prosed\u00fcrlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lan bal\u0131k av\u0131n\u0131n rapor edilmemesi veya yanl\u0131\u015f raporlanmas\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r ve \u201cKural D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u201d ise milliyetsiz gemiler veya RFMO’ne \u00fcye olmayan devlete kay\u0131tl\u0131 gemiler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerini ve y\u00f6netim \u00f6nlemlerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sularda yap\u0131lan bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerini kapsar (Essaih, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlarda s\u00f6z konusu faaliyetin hangi bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fine dair bir vurgu bulunmamaktad\u0131r. YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcrleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte G\u0131rg\u0131r, Trol ve Dip S\u00fcr\u00fctme a\u011flar\u0131 en \u00e7ok YKK yapan bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 tak\u0131mlar\u0131 olup orkinos, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve bentik t\u00fcrlerden karides en fazla hedef t\u00fcrlerdir (\u00d6zt\u00fcrk, 2015). Bu noktada bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemlerine de\u011finmek yerinde olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\/1 Numaral\u0131 Ticari Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Su \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi Hakk\u0131nda Tebli\u011f\u2019de alttan b\u00fcz\u00fclen \u00e7evirme a\u011flar\u0131 olarak ifade edilen g\u0131rg\u0131r a\u011flar\u0131, \u00e7evirme a\u011flar\u0131 grubunun ve t\u00fcm a\u011flar i\u00e7inde pelajik bal\u0131klar\u0131n (hamsi, sardalye, orkinos, palamut, l\u00fcfer, istavrit, \u00e7a\u00e7a vb) avlanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan en etkin av ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r. G\u0131rg\u0131r a\u011flar\u0131yla s\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturan pelajik bal\u0131klar avlanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ilkesi bal\u0131k s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evrilip hapsedilmesine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7evirme hem yatay hem de dikey y\u00f6nde oldu\u011fundan verimli bir av y\u00f6ntemidir. Bununla birlikte, \u00fclkemizde tekne say\u0131s\u0131, motor g\u00fcc\u00fc, a\u011f\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu gibi fakt\u00f6rler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u0131rg\u0131r filosunun \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7arak, stoklar\u0131n azalmas\u0131na ve \u00fcretimin risk alt\u0131na girmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r(Essaih, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trol, hareketli bir tekne arkas\u0131ndan a\u011f \u00e7ekerek, bal\u0131k av\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir av t\u00fcr\u00fc olup a\u011f dipte s\u00fcr\u00fcklenerek bal\u0131klar\u0131n avlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r (Essaih, 2020). Temel olarak trol; konik yap\u0131ya sahip, kap\u0131lar yard\u0131m\u0131yla a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 ac\u0131p dibi tarayarak veya suyu s\u00fczerek avc\u0131l\u0131k yapan ve pelajik ya da demersal habitat\u0131 hedefleyen bir av arac\u0131d\u0131r (D\u00fczbast\u0131lar, 2017). Trol a\u011flar\u0131, yap\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden dip trolleri ve pelajik troller olarak iki gruba ay\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5\/1 Numaral\u0131 Ticari Ama\u00e7l\u0131 Su \u00dcr\u00fcnleri Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fczenlenmesi Hakk\u0131nda Tebli\u011f\u2019de dip trol\u00fc, su \u00fcr\u00fcnleri avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kap\u0131 kullan\u0131larak deniz zeminine temas etmek sureti ile \u00e7ekilen trol a\u011flar\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Tekne arkas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen ve farkl\u0131 tasar\u0131mlara sahip olan dip trolleri, ekonomik de\u011feri y\u00fcksek dip canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yakalayan bir ara\u00e7 olarak bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k filosunun ba\u015fat bir avc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemidir. Pelajik trol ad\u0131yla da an\u0131lan ortasu trol\u00fc ise, pelajik bal\u0131klar\u0131n avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan, dibe temas etmeksizin suyun ortas\u0131ndan veya y\u00fczeyine yak\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen trol a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Genellikle hamsi, sardalya, uskumru, ringa ve istavrit gibi pelajik bal\u0131klar\u0131n avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 trol bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnya genelinde Pasifik Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan Akdeniz\u2019e kadar farkl\u0131 denizlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir vak\u0131ad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Akdeniz\u2019de yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 trollerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile fauna ve flora \u00fczerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiler; \u0130talya, \u0130spanya ve Fransa\u2019daki yerel ve merkezi otoritelerin ana problemlerinden birisi olmu\u015ftur (D\u00fczbast\u0131lar, 2017).  Ege denizinde en \u00e7ok yasa ihlal eden ve ekosistemi tahrip eden avc\u0131l\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc de yine trol avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (Essaih, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YKK Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Etkileri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131, Kay\u0131t D\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve\/veya Kural D\u0131\u015f\u0131 (YKK) bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 topluluklar, deniz ekosistemleri ve genel olarak toplumlar i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehdittir (OECD, 2018). \u00c7evresel etkiler, YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu olumsuz etkilerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ile bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar yasak ekipman kulland\u0131klar\u0131nda, izinsiz t\u00fcrler avlad\u0131klar\u0131nda, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda avlad\u0131klar\u0131nda, mevsim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bal\u0131k tuttuklar\u0131nda, av miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f bildirdi\u011finde veya savunmas\u0131z ve korunan alanlarda faaliyet g\u00f6sterdiklerinde, eylemleri sucul ya\u015fam kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini tehdit eder ve mangrovlardan mercan resiflerine kadar hassas habitatlara zarar verir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 avlanma genellikle \u00fcreme sto\u011funun t\u00fckenmesine neden olur ve bal\u0131klar kendilerini yenileyemezler. Ayr\u0131ca, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar avlanmay\u0131 rapor etmedikleri i\u00e7in, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri resmi bal\u0131k av\u0131 ve stok tahminlerinin do\u011frulu\u011funu etkiler. Bu durum bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi\u011fini olumsuz etkilemektedir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fczenleyici kurumlar, av limitlerini belirlemek ve bal\u0131k pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in rapor edilen avlar\u0131 ve stok tahminlerini kullanmaktad\u0131r.  Sonu\u00e7 olarak, YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kotalar\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 belirlenmesine ve bu da stoklar\u0131n daha fazla t\u00fckenmesine neden olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu olumsuz etki ekonomik olarak da olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k yasal bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in mevcut kaynaklar\u0131 azaltmakta, yasal bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve istihdam f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak haks\u0131z rekabet yaratmaktad\u0131r. YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dinamik, uyarlanabilir, son derece hareketli ve gizli do\u011fas\u0131, etkisinin do\u011frudan tahmin edilmesini engellemektedir. Bununla birlikte, FAO\u2019ya g\u00f6re kaba hesaplamalar, d\u00fcnya okyanuslar\u0131nda her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 11-26 milyon ton bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n YKK ile avland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi k\u00fcresel bir faaliyet olmakla birlikte \u00f6ncelikle geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemekte, bu topluluklar\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmektedir. YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ek bir sosyal sonucu, etkili kontrol olmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerin potansiyel kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta zorla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmayla ilgili raporlar, g\u00fcvenli olmayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maa\u015flara (yerel asgari \u00fccretin yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte biri) maruz kalan denizcilerin savunmas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015fe al\u0131m \u00fccretlerinin ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f maliyetlerinin gelecekteki kazan\u00e7lardan mahsup edildi\u011fine ve g\u00f6\u00e7menler evden ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin yeniden m\u00fczakere edildi\u011fine dair g\u00f6stergeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na itiraz etmeleri halinde limanda \u00fccretsiz olarak terk edilmekle tehdit edilebilmektedir (EP, 2014). Bu kapsamda YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n modern bir k\u00f6lelik bi\u00e7imine de yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k deniz ekosistemlerine verdi\u011fi zarar ile \u00e7evresel, yasal bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerinde karl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi ve haks\u0131z rekabete yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 sebebiyle ekonomik ve yine bu kapsamda i\u015fsizli\u011fe yol a\u00e7abilmesi hatta modern k\u00f6lelik olarak tan\u0131mlanabilecek d\u00fczeyde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye yol a\u00e7abilmesi nedeniyle sosyal a\u00e7\u0131dan olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. H\u0131zla artan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu, bu durumun beraberinde getirdi\u011fi n\u00fcfusun sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli beslenmesi sorunu ve bu kapsamda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her \u015feyden \u00f6te s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehdit unsuru olan YKK bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, gerek ulusal gerekse uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde denetimlerin s\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 hale getirilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra gerekli toplumsal bilincin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n