{"id":937,"date":"2021-08-04T13:11:42","date_gmt":"2021-08-04T13:11:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=937"},"modified":"2021-08-04T13:11:45","modified_gmt":"2021-08-04T13:11:45","slug":"dunyada-deniz-tasimaciligi-ve-akdeniz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/08\/04\/dunyada-deniz-tasimaciligi-ve-akdeniz\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyada Deniz Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Akdeniz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dr. Sayg\u0131n Can O\u011eUZ<\/strong><\/strong>
Uzman
Mavi B\u00fcy\u00fcme Politikalar\u0131 Birimi<\/em><\/em>
saygin.oguz<\/a>@izka.org.tr<\/a><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mallar\u0131 \u00fcretildikleri yerden t\u00fcketilecekleri yere getiren deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. D\u00fcnyada her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 11 milyar ton y\u00fck denizyolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunu dikkate ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 ton y\u00fck limanlar ve lojistik a\u011flar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla insanlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck, k\u00fcresel deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimlere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve art\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in ne denli vazge\u00e7ilmez oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada \u00fcretim yerleri ile t\u00fcketim yerleri aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiyi kurman\u0131n yan\u0131nda denizcilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fcretim i\u00e7in gerekli hammaddeyi sa\u011flamas\u0131 ile de \u00f6nemli bir i\u015flevi yerine getirmektedir. Y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 milyar ton ham petrol, 1 milyar ton demir cevheri ve 350 milyon ton tah\u0131l denizyolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Karayolu, demiryolu veya hava yolu ile ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 olmayan bu hammaddeler t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte, istihdam, ihracat, \u015fehirlerin in\u015fas\u0131 gibi konular i\u00e7in kaynak olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131saca denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 refah\u0131n ve geli\u015fmenin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir unsurdur (ICS, t.y.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomisi ile denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ton ba\u015f\u0131na en ucuz ta\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6ntemi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Somut baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden \u00f6rnek verirsek deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maliyet etkisi bir bardak kahveye %0,12, bir \u015fi\u015fe \u015faraba %4 ve bir spor ayakkab\u0131ya %5 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmaktad\u0131r (ICS, t.y.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son k\u0131rk y\u0131lda d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n denizyolu ticaretinin neredeyse d\u00f6rt kat\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131nda bu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n mallar\u0131 ucuza, b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimlerde ve minimum \u00e7evresel ayak izi ile ta\u015f\u0131ma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Tablo 1, 1970\u2019den 2019 y\u0131l\u0131na y\u00fcklerin ve d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun geli\u015fimini birlikte ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1: Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n* ve D\u00fcnya N\u00fcfusunun Geli\u015fimi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131l<\/strong><\/td>Ham Petrol, Petrol \u00dcr\u00fcnleri ve Gazlar<\/strong><\/td>Maj\u00f6r Kuru D\u00f6kme Y\u00fckler<\/strong><\/td>Di\u011fer Kuru Y\u00fckler**<\/strong><\/td>Toplam Y\u00fck<\/strong><\/td>D\u00fcnya N\u00fcfusu (Milyar ki\u015fi)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1970<\/strong><\/td>1.440<\/td>448<\/td>717<\/td>2.605<\/td>3,7     <\/td><\/tr>
1980<\/strong><\/td>1.871<\/td>608<\/td>1.225<\/td>3.704<\/td>4,5<\/td><\/tr>
1990<\/strong><\/td>1.755<\/td>988<\/td>1.265<\/td>4.008<\/td>5,3<\/td><\/tr>
2000<\/strong><\/td>2.163<\/td>1.186<\/td>2.635<\/td>5.984<\/td>6,1<\/td><\/tr>
2010<\/strong><\/td>2.752<\/td>2.232<\/td>3.423<\/td>8.408<\/td>7<\/td><\/tr>
2019<\/strong><\/td>3.169<\/td>3.225<\/td>4.682<\/td>11.076<\/td>7,7<\/td><\/tr>
1970-2019 De\u011fi\u015fim<\/strong><\/td>%120<\/strong><\/td>%620<\/strong><\/td>%553<\/strong><\/td>%325<\/strong><\/td>%108<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Kaynak: UNCTAD, 2020:4; Worldometer, 2020.
* Milyon ton y\u00fckleme. ** Min\u00f6r kuru y\u00fckler, konteyner ve genel kargo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada end\u00fcstriyel \u00fcretimler ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fen ekonomiler y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltmada en b\u00fcy\u00fck paya sahip b\u00f6lge durumundad\u0131r. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomiler y\u00fckleme yap\u0131lan y\u00fcklerin %35,5\u2019ine, bo\u015faltma yap\u0131lan y\u00fcklerin de %34,1\u2019ine sahip iken, geli\u015fen ekonomilerin pay\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131 ile %58\u2019e %65\u2019tir. Tablo 2 ekonomik b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re y\u00fck verilerini yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 2: 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya \u00c7ap\u0131nda Ekonomik B\u00f6lgelere G\u00f6re Y\u00fck Verileri<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lge<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fckleme (milyon ton)<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fczde<\/strong><\/td>Bo\u015faltma (milyon ton)<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fczde<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
D\u00fcnya<\/td>11.075,9<\/td>100<\/td>11.083<\/td>100<\/td><\/tr>
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Ekonomiler<\/td>3.935,2<\/td>35,5<\/td>3.780<\/td>34,1<\/td><\/tr>
Ge\u00e7i\u015f Ekonomileri<\/td>715,8<\/td>6,5<\/td>102<\/td>0,9<\/td><\/tr>
Geli\u015fen Ekonomiler<\/td>6.424,8<\/td>58<\/td>7.200,7<\/td>65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Kaynak: UNCTAD, 2020:5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fckleme ihracat\u0131, bo\u015faltma ise ithalat\u0131 ifade etmektedir. UNCTAD\u2019a (2020) g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam y\u00fcklenen mallar\u0131n %41\u2019i, bo\u015falt\u0131lan mallar\u0131n %62\u2019si Asya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Amerika ve Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa etkisi marjinal d\u00fczeyde kalmaktad\u0131r. Asya\u2019n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda k\u00fcresel imalat ve ticaret a\u011flar\u0131na daha fazla adapte olmas\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretim ve tedarik ili\u015fkilerinin bir bile\u015feni olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta, ayn\u0131 zamanda bu ili\u015fkileri anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Mevcut durumda Asya k\u00fcresel \u00fcretimde ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 role ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, deniz ticaretinin yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kendinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran bir denizcilik merkezi haline gelmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Do\u011fuya kayan \u00fcretimin getirdi\u011fi hammadde ihtiyac\u0131, Asya\u2019n\u0131n bo\u015faltma y\u00fcklerde en y\u00fcksek paya (%62) sahip olmas\u0131nda etkendir. K\u0131yaslamak gerekirse, Asya kendisine en yak\u0131n orana sahip Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksek bir bo\u015faltma hacmi sergilemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1\u2019de farkl\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma y\u00fcklerinin paylar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1: B\u00f6lgelere G\u00f6re Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Ticareti (2019, toplam tonajdaki y\u00fczde pay)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: UNCTAD, 2020:7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, uzun d\u00f6nemli g\u00f6zlemler d\u00fcnya ticaretinin geli\u015fimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak k\u00fcresel deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok kayna\u011f\u0131n i\u015faret etti\u011fi \u00fczere, boyutlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fcyen gemiler ve konteynerle\u015fme neticesinde, farkl\u0131 y\u00fck tipleri i\u00e7inde son 30 y\u0131lda en fazla konteyner y\u00fckler geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. UNCTAD (2020) bu geli\u015fmenin \u00f6zellikle 2000\u2019lerde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hiperk\u00fcreselle\u015fme dalgas\u0131 ile e\u015fle\u015fti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r. UNCTAD ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019in 2001\u2019de D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne girmesi ile ba\u015flayan h\u0131zl\u0131 end\u00fcstrile\u015fmeye ba\u011fl\u0131 artan kuru y\u00fcklerin art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimine \u00f6nemli miktarda katk\u0131 verdi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. \u015eekil 2 farkl\u0131 y\u00fck tiplerinin son 30 y\u0131lda nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. 2000\u2019lerde ba\u015flayan konteyner y\u00fck art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, 2008 krizi ile birlikte kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, istikrarl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2: Y\u00fck Tipine G\u00f6re Uluslararas\u0131 Deniz Ticaretinin Geli\u015fimi (1990=100)*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: UNCTAD, 2020:9
* Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya s\u0131ras\u0131 ile (1) konteyner, (2) maj\u00f6r kuru d\u00f6kme y\u00fckler, (3) di\u011fer kuru y\u00fckler, (4) ham petrol, petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve gazlar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Buraya kadar uluslararas\u0131 deniz ticaretinde bir \u00fcretim \u00fcss\u00fc olarak Asya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011funun, bunun hem y\u00fckleme hem de bo\u015faltma y\u00fcklerde kendini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ve son 30 y\u0131lda konteyner y\u00fcklerin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir geli\u015fme i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu inceledik. Bu saptamalarla uyumlu olarak bir alt ad\u0131mda d\u00fcnya deniz ticaretinde rotalara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, konteyner y\u00fckler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 anahatt\u0131n\u0131n %39,1 ile en \u00e7ok paya sahip rota oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Asya-Avrupa hatt\u0131 olarak bilinen Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 anahatt\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle Asya\u2019n\u0131n kendi i\u00e7indeki hatlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lge i\u00e7i hatlar (%27,1) izlemektedir. Anahat olmayan Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 rotalar\u0131nda ticaret, Uzak Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Asya, Uzak Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Asya, G\u00fcney Asya ve Avrupa ve Bat\u0131 Asya ve Avrupa gibi ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir (UNCTAD, 2020). Kuzey-G\u00fcney hatt\u0131 %7,9 ile en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck paya sahiptir. \u015eekil 3 d\u00fcnya konteyner ticaretinde 2019 itibari ile rotalar\u0131n paylar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3: Konteyner Ticaretinde Rotalar\u0131n Paylar\u0131 (2019, %)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: UNCTAD, 2020:14<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6z konusu rotalar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile uyumlu bi\u00e7imde, 2019\u2019da d\u00fcnyada elle\u00e7lenen y\u00fck\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %65\u2019i Asya limanlar\u0131nda elle\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir. Avrupa, konteyner elle\u00e7leme hacminde ikinci s\u0131rada yer almakla birlikte Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rt kat\u0131 a\u015fan belirgin bir fark mevcuttur. Asya ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla Kuzey Amerika, Latin Amerika ve Karayipler, Afrika ve Okyanusya takip etmektedir. Tablo 3 konteyner elle\u00e7leme hacminde b\u00f6lgesel paylar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 3: B\u00f6lgelere G\u00f6re Konteyner Y\u00fck Elle\u00e7leme (2019, Milyon TEU)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lge<\/strong><\/td>Elle\u00e7lenen Konteyner Hacmi (Milyon TEU)<\/strong><\/td>Y\u00fczde Pay<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Asya<\/td>526,7<\/td>64,9<\/td><\/tr>
Avrupa<\/td>123,6<\/td>15,2<\/td><\/tr>
Kuzey Amerika<\/td>62,5<\/td>7,7<\/td><\/tr>
Latin Amerika ve Karayipler<\/td>52,6<\/td>6,5<\/td><\/tr>
Afrika<\/td>32,5<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr>
Okyanusya<\/td>13,2<\/td>1,6<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00fcnya Toplam\u0131<\/strong><\/td>811,2<\/strong><\/td>100<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Kaynak: UNCTAD, 2020:16<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 anahatt\u0131na daha detayl\u0131 bakmak, \u00fclkemiz ve \u0130zmir\u2019in bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu Akdeniz deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. UNCTAD\u2019a (2020) g\u00f6re, Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 anahatt\u0131nda Trans-Pasifik, Asya-Avrupa ve Transatlantik olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 maj\u00f6r konteyner ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 rotas\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir.  Asya-Avrupa hatt\u0131nda Kuzey Avrupa ve Akdeniz\u2019den Do\u011fu Asya\u2019ya (do\u011fu y\u00f6nl\u00fc) ve tersi (bat\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc) rotalar mevcuttur. Transatlantik taraf\u0131nda da Kuzey Amerika\u2019dan Kuzey Avrupa ve Akdeniz\u2019e (do\u011fu y\u00f6nl\u00fc) ve tersi (bat\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc) rotalar s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131ll\u0131k konteyner ticareti 2020\u2019de Trans-Pasifik hatt\u0131nda 25,1 milyon TEU, Asya-Avrupa hatt\u0131nda 23 milyon TEU, Transatlantik hatt\u0131nda da 7,4 Milyon TEU olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2014 ve 2017 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda geli\u015fim g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, 2020\u2019de de Kovid-19 s\u00fcrecine ba\u011fl\u0131 azalmalar s\u00f6z konusudur. Tablo 4 bahse konu hatlardaki konteyner y\u00fck istatistiklerini 2014, 2017 ve 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in detayl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermektedir. Genel olarak t\u00fcm hatlarda 2014\u2019ten 2020\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131k %10 seviyelerinde art\u0131\u015flardan bahsedebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. 2020\u2019de denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyen Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile t\u00fcm de\u011ferler 2017\u2019ye g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f sergilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 4: B\u00fcy\u00fck Do\u011fu-Bat\u0131 Ticaret Yollar\u0131nda Konteyner Ticareti (Milyon TEU)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 4, d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 \u00fczerinde k\u0131talar aras\u0131 y\u00fck ak\u0131\u015f yo\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fematize etmektedir. S\u00fcvey\u015f Kanal\u0131 ve Akdeniz odakl\u0131 Asya-Avrupa rotas\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bahse konu y\u00fck ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 izlenebilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 4: D\u00fcnya Haritas\u0131 \u00dczerinde Y\u00fck Ak\u0131\u015f Yo\u011funluklar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: Seanews, 2015<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizin de par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu Akdeniz deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Asya ile Avrupa aras\u0131ndaki ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k zincirinin en \u00f6nemli halkas\u0131 oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir. Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili konumda olmas\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131lan yap\u0131s\u0131 bu \u00f6nemli rolde etkili olan fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r (Dimitrios vd., 2015). K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 deniz sahas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol \u00fcstlenmi\u015f durumda olan Akdeniz, d\u00fcnya deniz y\u00fczeyinin sadece %3,5’i \u00fczerinden k\u00fcresel trafi\u011fin %25’ini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Havzada y\u00fck trafi\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6nemli bir yolcu gemisi trafi\u011fi de s\u00f6z konusudur. 2019’da yakla\u015f\u0131k 2,5 milyona yak\u0131n yolcu ve d\u00fcnya gemi yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131n %10’u Akdeniz\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Limanlar ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yap\u0131da ve y\u00f6netimsel \u00f6zelliklerde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, b\u00f6lgenin hem kuzeyinde hem de g\u00fcneyinde deniz limanlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli geni\u015flemesi s\u00f6z konusudur (UfM, 2021). \u015eekil 5 Akdeniz\u2019de temel ula\u015f\u0131m rotalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 5: Akdeniz\u2019de Limanlar ve Deniz Trafi\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: WWF, 2019<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Alt bile\u015fenleri ile \u00f6zetlenen d\u00fcnya denizyolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimi, limanlar ile ilgili yap\u0131lacak t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar i\u00e7in dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli girdiler sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Akdeniz Havzas\u0131\u2019nda 5000 y\u0131ll\u0131k liman tecr\u00fcbesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir geli\u015fim i\u00e7indeki liman altyap\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130zmir\u2019in gelecek ile ilgili plan ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda k\u00fcresel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn ve farkl\u0131 boyutlar\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan geli\u015fme e\u011filimlerinin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Asya-Avrupa ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kritik bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Akdeniz deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Akdeniz limanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fimleri \u0130zmir\u2019in liman hizmetleri oda\u011f\u0131ndaki rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akdeniz\u2019de deniz ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 27 milyar avro y\u0131ll\u0131k br\u00fct katma de\u011fer, yakla\u015f\u0131k 550 bin ki\u015filik istihdam ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131lda y\u0131ll\u0131k %4 b\u00fcy\u00fcme perspektifi ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r (WWF, 2019). Daha fazla rota, daha fazla ba\u011flant\u0131 ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck gemiler anlam\u0131na gelecek bu e\u011filimlerin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hem \u00fclkemizin hem de liman kenti \u0130zmir\u2019in gelecekle ilgili konumlanma stratejilerine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n