{"id":678,"date":"2021-03-24T13:37:10","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T13:37:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=678"},"modified":"2021-03-24T13:37:13","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T13:37:13","slug":"covid-19un-surdurulebilir-kalkinma-amaclarindan-sanayi-yenilikcilik-ve-altyapi-etkileri-uzerine-bir-degerlendirme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/03\/24\/covid-19un-surdurulebilir-kalkinma-amaclarindan-sanayi-yenilikcilik-ve-altyapi-etkileri-uzerine-bir-degerlendirme\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19\u2019un S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan \u201cSanayi, Yenilik\u00e7ilik ve Altyap\u0131\u201d Etkileri \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Meltem ALTINAY<\/strong><\/strong>
Uzman
Proje Uygulama ve \u0130zleme<\/em><\/em> Birimi<\/em><\/em>
meltem.altinay@izka.org.tr<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa hizmet etmek amac\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma kazan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hedefler. Belirlenen 17 ama\u00e7 insani kalk\u0131nman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yan\u0131n\u0131 hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7evresel \u00f6\u011feleri de i\u00e7ermektedir. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak son bir y\u0131ld\u0131r t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada etkilerini derinden ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fcresel kalk\u0131nman\u0131n mevcut durumunu da k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. (G\u00fclseven, Alharmoodi, Alshomali, Alfalasi, 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda belirlenen ama\u00e7lar ile ilgili olarak bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkenin bu ama\u00e7lar\u0131 kendi ulusal kalk\u0131nma planlar\u0131na d\u00e2hil etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 sayesinde \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler elde edilmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Tabi ki t\u00fcm ama\u00e7lar\u0131n sorunsuz ve stratejik bir \u015fekilde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ancak bu engellerden hi\u00e7 biri Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 kadar \u015foke edici olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salg\u0131n, bir\u00e7ok amaca y\u00f6nelik uygulamay\u0131 aniden kesintiye u\u011fratm\u0131\u015f ve baz\u0131 durumlarda, y\u0131llar s\u00fcren ilerlemeyi tersine \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Kriz n\u00fcfusun t\u00fcm kesimlerini, ekonominin t\u00fcm sekt\u00f6rlerini ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerini etkilemi\u015ftir. Salg\u0131n ile beraber bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede uygulanan soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131, kapanma ve karantina uygulamalar\u0131 beklenmedik bir ekonomik durgunlu\u011fu beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. 2020’de d\u00fcnya, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na reel GSY\u0130H’da beklenen y\u00fczde 4,2’lik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fle B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran’dan bu yana en k\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik durgunlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya ticaretinin y\u00fczde 13 ila 32 oran\u0131nda azalmas\u0131, do\u011frudan yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n y\u00fczde 40’a kadar gerilemesi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelere yap\u0131lan transferlerin y\u00fczde 20 d\u00fc\u015fmesi tahmin edilmektedir.(UN,2020) Bir\u00e7ok hane halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkileri bulunan bu durumun k\u0131sa, orta veya uzun vadeli mi olaca\u011f\u0131 konusu ise halen belirsizli\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u00a0Ama\u00e7 9 \u2013 Sanayi, Yenilik\u00e7ilik ve Altyap\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131nda 9. Ama\u00e7 \u201cDayan\u0131kl\u0131 altyap\u0131lar tesis etmek, kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir sanayile\u015fmeyi desteklemek ve yenilik\u00e7ili\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek\u201d olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Ama\u00e7 kapsam\u0131nda belirlenen alt ba\u015fl\u0131klar ise \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.1. Herkes i\u00e7in uygun fiyatl\u0131 ve e\u015fitli\u011fe dayal\u0131 bir eri\u015fime vurguda bulunarak ekonomik kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 ve insanlar\u0131n esenli\u011fini desteklemek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgesel ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar aras\u0131 altyap\u0131y\u0131 kapsayan kaliteli, g\u00fcvenilir, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131 altyap\u0131lar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.2. Kapsay\u0131c\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir sanayile\u015fmenin desteklenmesi ve 2030\u2019a kadar sanayinin istihdam ve gayri safi yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131la pay\u0131n\u0131n ulusal ko\u015fullarla uyumlu olarak \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve en az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bu pay\u0131n iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.3. \u00d6zellikle geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli sanayi i\u015fletmelerinin ve di\u011fer i\u015fletmelerin uygun ko\u015fullu krediyi de kapsayan finansal hizmetlere eri\u015fimlerinin ve de\u011fer zincirlerine ve piyasalara entegrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.4. 2030\u2019a kadar her \u00fclkenin kendi kapasitesine uygun olarak harekete ge\u00e7mesiyle, kaynaklar\u0131n daha verimli kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve temiz ve \u00e7evresel a\u00e7\u0131dan daha sa\u011flam teknolojiler ve sanayi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin daha \u00e7ok benimsenmesi yoluyla altyap\u0131n\u0131n ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme sanayilerinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale gelecek bi\u00e7imde geli\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.5. \u00d6zellikle geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde, 2030\u2019a kadar yenilik\u00e7ili\u011fin te\u015fvik edilmesi ve her 1 milyon ki\u015fi i\u00e7indeki ara\u015ft\u0131rma-geli\u015ftirme alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, kamu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ve h\u00fck\u00fcmet harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve sanayi sekt\u00f6rlerinin teknolojik yetkinliklerinin geni\u015fletilmesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu amac\u0131n 2030 G\u00fcndemine giri\u015fi, n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri, sermaye ba\u015f\u0131na gelirler, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckler ve yap\u0131lar, siyasi sistemler, k\u00fclt\u00fcrler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren, ancak az geli\u015fmi\u015f bir sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fini payla\u015fan geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir (Montes, 2017). \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc altyap\u0131, \u00fcretim ve yenilik, ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve kalk\u0131nman\u0131n kritik itici g\u00fc\u00e7leridir.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Ama\u00e7 9\u2019un d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerde farkl\u0131 oranlarda da olsa geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak salg\u0131nla beraber ekonomik faaliyetlerin b\u00fct\u00fcn alanlarda aksamas\u0131 bu amac\u0131n geli\u015fmesine de etki etmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kaynak: Cambridge University Press, 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli etkisine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ama\u00e7 9 i\u00e7in etkinin \u2018kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k veya orta derecede olumsuz etki\u2019 olarak nitelendirildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Etkiler \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r (Cambridge, 2020):<\/p>\n\n\n\n