{"id":659,"date":"2021-03-24T13:12:39","date_gmt":"2021-03-24T13:12:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=659"},"modified":"2021-03-24T13:12:42","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T13:12:42","slug":"bir-kentin-elinden-kayip-gitmemesi-gereken-deger-gecmisten-gunumuze-basmane-cukuru-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/03\/24\/bir-kentin-elinden-kayip-gitmemesi-gereken-deger-gecmisten-gunumuze-basmane-cukuru-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir Kentin Elinden Kay\u0131p Gitmemesi Gereken De\u011fer: Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Basmane \u00c7ukuru-1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Korhan MANGIR<\/strong><\/strong>
Uzman
Proje Uygulama ve \u0130zleme<\/em> Birimi<\/em><\/em>
korhan.mangir@izka.org.tr<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kentlerin ya\u015fayan organizmalar oldu\u011fundan bahseden Aldo Rossi \u201c\u015eehrin Mimarisi\u201d kitab\u0131nda kentlerin de zaman i\u00e7erisinde b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek, bir bilin\u00e7 ve haf\u0131za edindi\u011fini aktarmaktad\u0131r (Rossi, 2006). Bu kentsel belle\u011fin olu\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131 koyan do\u011fal bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Kentlerin ya\u015fam\u0131nda ve geli\u015fmesinde zaman ve mekan anlam\u0131nda tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fimler ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler, kente dair alg\u0131lar kent geli\u015fimini etkilemektedir. Kentlerin belle\u011fi dinamiktir ve her g\u00fcn yinelenir, tazelenir. Kentlerin belle\u011finde her zaman simge yap\u0131lar\u0131n yer etmedi\u011fi bazen bir bo\u015fluk ya da yap\u0131la\u015fmaman\u0131n da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kent belle\u011fine katk\u0131 koydu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu bazen olumlu olarak de\u011ferlendirilse de \u00e7o\u011funlukla kente olumsuz katk\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcndeme gelmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu olan ve kamuoyunda \u201cBasmane \u00c7ukuru\u201d olarak da bilinen alan yakla\u015f\u0131k k\u0131rk y\u0131ld\u0131r kentin belle\u011finde \u00e7oklukla da olumsuz bir \u015fekilde yer etmi\u015ftir (Foto\u011fraf 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf 1: Alan Genel G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu yaz\u0131; kamunun m\u00fclkiyetinde olan ve y\u0131llarca belediye garaj alan\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan, zaman\u0131nda kentin merkezinde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hareketlili\u011fe sahip alan\u0131n bug\u00fcn nas\u0131l \u00e7ukur haline geldi\u011fi ve \u00e7ukurdan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler ortaya koyma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Yaz\u0131 iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131narak, \u00f6ncelikle ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak alan\u0131n kronolojik tarihi ve alanda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar aktar\u0131lacak sonras\u0131nda ise \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olabilecek olas\u0131 senaryolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alan\u0131n Tarih\u00e7esi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tapunun 23MIId pafta, 1039 ada 8 parselinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 alan; Konak il\u00e7esi, \u0130smet Kaptan Mahallesinde, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl (Basmane) Meydan\u0131, Dr. Refik Saydam Bulvar\u0131, H\u00fcrriyet Bulvar\u0131 ve 1362 sokak aras\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. 20.866,10 m\u00b2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki alan k\u0131rk y\u0131ld\u0131r bir\u00e7ok planlama giri\u015fimine, iki protokol anla\u015fmas\u0131na ve iki proje yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131la\u015famam\u0131\u015f ve bug\u00fcn g\u00f6le d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir halde kentin merkezinde yer almaktad\u0131r (Foto\u011fraf: 2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf 2: \u00c7evresiyle Birlikte Alan\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Durumu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1997 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kamu m\u00fclkiyetinde bulunan alan bir protokol ile k\u0131smi bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, ard\u0131ndan bu protokol\u00fcn getirdi\u011fi planlama s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, yarg\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131nan itirazlar, sonradan dahil olan taraflar ile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ula\u015famam\u0131\u015f ve kentsel bir soruna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Alan; konumu, de\u011feri, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve gelece\u011fi ile sadece protokol veya m\u00fclkiyete konu taraflar\u0131 ile de\u011ferlendirilemeyece\u011fi gibi asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u0130zmir\u2019in sorunu olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1920\u2019lerden bug\u00fcne \u00e7e\u015fitli planlar, plan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kabul edilmi\u015f, ancak alan\u0131n geometrik \u015fekli ve boyutu hi\u00e7bir zaman de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir (\u015eekil 1 ve 2). Ancak kullan\u0131m kararlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelendi\u011finde, hem kamunun hem \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn hem de yarg\u0131n\u0131n alana s\u00fcrekli olarak do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahalede bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 1: Alan\u0131n 1932 Y\u0131l\u0131 Plandaki Durumu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u015eekil 2: Alan\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Durumu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1980 \u00d6ncesi Alanda Kamu Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1922 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130zmir yang\u0131n\u0131 sonras\u0131 kentin merkezinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 hektarl\u0131k alanda 25 binden fazla bina k\u00fcl olarak geriye devasa bir enkaz b\u00f6lgesi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eehrin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan yang\u0131n alan\u0131, Cumhuriyet sonras\u0131 modernle\u015fme d\u00f6neminin ilk \u015fehir planc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biri olarak Frans\u0131z Beaux Arts Okulu\u2019nun \u00f6\u011fretileri do\u011frultusunda \u015fehir planc\u0131lar\u0131 Raymond Danger, Ren\u00e9 Danger ve Henri Prost taraf\u0131ndan bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak yeniden ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, alan\u0131n da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu \u00fcst \u00f6l\u00e7ekli planlama kararlar\u0131n\u0131n temeli at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 olu\u015fturulan K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark ile ili\u015fkili olarak kent merkezinde hem \u015fehir i\u00e7i hem de \u015fehir d\u0131\u015f\u0131 otob\u00fcslerin ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131yla alanda garaj yap\u0131m\u0131na 1936 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, 1939 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Frans\u0131zcas\u0131ndan esinlenerek \u201cSantral Garaj\u201d olarak hizmet vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Foto\u011fraf 3-4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcm \u015fehri kapsayan ilk planlama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ise 1951 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen yar\u0131\u015fmayla olmu\u015ftur. Yar\u0131\u015fma sonucu Kemal Aru ve ekibi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan 1\/2000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131 1955’te onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada alan ve \u00e7evresi, \u00fczerinde ula\u015f\u0131m fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi \u201cTicaret Alanlar\u0131\u201d<\/em> olarak planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130mar ve \u0130sk\u00e2n Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan onaylanan ilk kapsaml\u0131 \u0130zmir Metropoliten Alan naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda alan ve \u00e7evresi \u201cB\u00f6lgesel-Kentsel Aktivite Merkezi\u201d<\/em> olarak planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu planda ayn\u0131 zamanda K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019tan fuar i\u015flevinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak \u00c7i\u011fli\u2019de 300 hektarl\u0131k alana, garaj\u0131n da Halkap\u0131nar\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu plan\u0131n uygulama imar planlar\u0131 ise haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Foto\u011fraf 3-4 : Alan\u0131n 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardaki Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Halkap\u0131nar \u015fehirleraras\u0131 otob\u00fcs garaj\u0131n\u0131n 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, alanda hizmet veren garaj\u0131n Halkap\u0131nar\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda bu alan, ESHOT\u2019un otob\u00fcs garaj\u0131 olarak hizmet vermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 80\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonuna kadar da otob\u00fcs garaj\u0131 olarak hizmet vermeye devam etmi\u015ftir (Foto\u011fraf 5). \u015eehirleraras\u0131 garaj\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sonucu b\u00f6lgede hareketin ve ticaretin azalmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf 5: ESHOT Garaj\u0131 Olarak Alan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u2019ler ve Sermayenin Kentle\u015fmesi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alanda 1981 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan zemin ve altyap\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Alanlar\u0131\u201d<\/em> plan karar\u0131 ile ileride bir\u00e7ok planda g\u00f6r\u00fclecek \u201c\u00d6zel Projesine G\u00f6re Uygulama Yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d ibaresi ile 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli parafl\u0131 plan onanm\u0131\u015f ancak bakanl\u0131k onay\u0131 al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Planda ba\u015fka yap\u0131la\u015fma ko\u015fulu getirilmemi\u015f, detaylar\u0131n \u00f6zel proje ile belirlenmesi istenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1983\u2019te \u0130zmir Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan alanda serbest, ulusal ve tek kademeli \u201c\u0130zmir Turizm ve Ticaret Merkezi Ulusal Mimari Proje Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d <\/em>ilan edilmi\u015ftir[1]<\/a>. Yar\u0131\u015fma \u015fartnamesinde toplam in\u015faat alan\u0131 97 bin metrekareyi a\u015famayacak \u015fekilde detayl\u0131 metrajlarla tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f; 1000 yatak kapasiteli 5 y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 otel, otel ile birlikte ve ayr\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilecek bir kongre merkezi, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f pazara hizmet verecek bir ticaret merkezi, 500 ara\u00e7l\u0131k otopark\u0131n tasarlanmas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. Alan\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019a yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve buradan faydalanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in alanda ba\u015fka ye\u015fil alan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na gerek g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, ula\u015f\u0131m planlamas\u0131 da yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lara b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tav\u0131r hem K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019a hem de alana ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli d\u00f6neme\u00e7lerden olmu\u015ftur. Alan\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc halinden cazibe merkezine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi amac\u0131yla, fuar i\u015flevinin \u00c7i\u011fli\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bir plan karar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n alan\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark olanaklar\u0131ndan faydalanmas\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Foto\u011fraf 6).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf 6: Alan\u0131n Panoramik Foto\u011fraf\u0131 (1983 Yar\u0131\u015fma \u015eartnamesinden)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fman\u0131n soru-cevap k\u0131sm\u0131nda alan\u0131n \u00e7evresinde 5-6 katl\u0131 yap\u0131la\u015fma olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen y\u00fcksekli\u011fin serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, kat s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 ve Dr. Refik Saydam Bulvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ara\u00e7 trafi\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131k kalmas\u0131 gibi kararlar getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci devam ederken 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kazanm\u0131\u015f ve hemen sonras\u0131nda Zafer Ko\u00e7ak ve Kemal \u0130pek\u2019in y\u00fckseklik s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok katl\u0131 olmayan, giri\u015fini K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019a y\u00f6nlendiren projesi birinci se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir[2]<\/a>. 1985\u2019te yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kazanan projenin kitle et\u00fcd\u00fc 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli uygulama imar plan\u0131na i\u015flenerek plan karar\u0131 haline getirilmi\u015f, \u201c\u00f6zel projesine g\u00f6re uygulama yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r\u201d<\/em> notu eklenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 3-4: 1983 Y\u0131l\u0131 Mimari Proje Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda 1. Se\u00e7ilen Proje<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Askeri d\u00f6nemin sona ermesine, yeni bir yerel y\u00f6netim modeli olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir kanunu \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na ve buna g\u00f6re belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesine, onayl\u0131 bir plana dayal\u0131 haz\u0131r bir proje gibi uygulamaya y\u00f6nelik ko\u015fullar\u0131n haz\u0131r olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen se\u00e7ilen proje uygulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belediye projeyi uygulamak yerine belediye m\u00fclkiyetinde bulunan alanda 100.000 m\u00b2 kapal\u0131 hacmi olan \u201cTurizm ve Ticaret Merkezi \u0130n\u015faat ve \u0130\u015fletme\u201d<\/em> i\u015fi i\u00e7in teklif al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir[3]<\/a>. \u0130\u015fi \u00fcstlenenlere belediye taraf\u0131ndan herhangi bir para \u00f6denmeyece\u011fi, yap\u0131lacak in\u015faatta ve i\u015fletmede belediyeye kalacak hisse veya di\u011fer esaslar\u0131n teklifte ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak belirtilece\u011fi ve belediyeye en fazla menfaati sa\u011flamay\u0131 kabul edenlerin tercih edilece\u011fi belirtilerek, hisse payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na dayal\u0131 yap-i\u015flet sistemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece iki firman\u0131n teklif verdi\u011fi ihaleyi kazanan yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yar\u0131\u015fma birincisi projeyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in proje m\u00fcellifi mimarlardan muvafakat almadan Frans\u0131z mimar Pierre Parat\u2019a yeni bir proje haz\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu proje de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in 1\/5000 naz\u0131m planda de\u011fi\u015fiklik gerekmemi\u015f ancak 1\/1000 uygulama imar plan\u0131nda ise yar\u0131\u015fma birincisi projenin kitlesi i\u015flenmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi zorunlu olmu\u015ftur. 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konak Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201c\u0130zmir Turizm ve Ticaret Merkezi\u201d<\/em> uygulama projesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik uygulama imar plan\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u0130zmir B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediyesi (\u0130BB) taraf\u0131ndan onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu onay ile proje kitlesi plandan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fckseklik serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, alana \u00f6zel proje geli\u015ftirilmesi karar\u0131 getirilmi\u015f, alanda yar\u0131\u015fmadan kalan 5 emsal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 105.000 m\u00b2 in\u015faat alan\u0131 yap\u0131la\u015fma karar\u0131 olarak plana i\u015flenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1987 y\u0131l\u0131nda Mimarlar Odas\u0131 projenin usuls\u00fcz haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kazanan mimarlar\u0131n m\u00fcelliflik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edilmesi, yabanc\u0131 mimarlara i\u015f vermenin haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturmas\u0131 iddialar\u0131yla mahkemeye ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur. Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n birincilik kazanan projenin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine karar vermesi sonras\u0131nda da yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 kendi haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 projeyi uygulamaktan vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yerel se\u00e7imlerden 3 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce 1973 \u0130zmir Metropoliten Alan naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131n\u0131 revize eden 1\/25.000 naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131 revizyonunu b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmas\u0131yla \u00c7i\u011fli\u2019de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen fuar alan\u0131 konut alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bu karar sonucunda fuar i\u015flevi K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019ta devam etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990\u2019lar ve Alan\u0131n Kamudan \u00d6zele M\u00fclkiyet Ge\u00e7i\u015fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda alan\u0131 da kapsayacak bi\u00e7imde as\u0131l kayg\u0131s\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark olan ulusal ve tek kademeli \u201cUluslararas\u0131 \u0130zmir Fuar\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark D\u00fczenleme ve Mimari Proje Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d<\/em> d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. \u015eartnameye g\u00f6re K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark i\u00e7inden uluslararas\u0131 fuar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak; ye\u015fil alan, sanat, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, spor, e\u011flence gibi aktivitelerle tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve Dr. Refik Saydam Bulvar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n trafikten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bir rekreasyon alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, buna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak da yap\u0131la\u015fma i\u00e7in K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki alan i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto\u011fraf 7: 1990 Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Fuara Eklenerek Uluslararas\u0131 Borsa, E\u011flence, Konaklama Tesisleri Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Planlanan ve Otob\u00fcs Garaj\u0131 Olarak Kullan\u0131lan Alan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmir 1 nolu K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tabiat Varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Kurulu (KTVKK), 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019\u0131 2. derece do\u011fal sit alan\u0131 ilan etmesi \u00fczerine \u0130BB, KTVKK\u2019na yar\u0131\u015fma ile ilgili sordu\u011fu sorunun ard\u0131ndan KTVKK yar\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131n 3 b\u00f6lgeye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na ve baz\u0131 yap\u0131la\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 getirilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark A b\u00f6lgesinde, Fuar Kompleksi B b\u00f6lgesinde, alan ise C b\u00f6lgesinde \u201cOtel ve Kongre Merkezi\u201d<\/em> i\u015flevi kazanarak 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulama imar plan\u0131 ise sadece A ve B b\u00f6lgeleri i\u00e7in onaylanm\u0131\u015f, alan\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 C B\u00f6lgesi \u201cAlsancak Turizm Merkezi\u201d<\/em> s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve planlama yetkisi K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in uygulama imar plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u015eekil 5). Bir yerel y\u00f6netimin tan\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00f6revleri aras\u0131nda yer almayan emtia borsas\u0131, menkul k\u0131ymetler borsas\u0131, otel, kongre merkezi, a\u00e7\u0131k sergileme alanlar\u0131 ile rant tesisleri yap\u0131lmak istenmesi alanda kullan\u0131m karar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gerektirmi\u015ftir. \u201cAlsancak Turizm Merkezi\u201d<\/em> i\u00e7inde kalan alan\u0131n planlama yetkisinin 1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bakanlar Kurulu karar\u0131 ile iptal edilmesi sonras\u0131nda belediye alanda yeniden imar plan\u0131 yapma yetkisine sahip olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 5: A, B, C B\u00f6lgelerinin Onayland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Plan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinde alandan \u00e7ok, K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019ta yap\u0131lacak uygulamalara y\u00f6nelik yo\u011fun tart\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Mimarlar Odas\u0131 yar\u0131\u015fman\u0131n iptali i\u00e7in a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 dava nedeniyle yar\u0131\u015fma ertelenmi\u015f, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 talebinin reddedilmesi \u00fczerine tekrar ba\u015flayan ve gerek kapsam gerekse ilgi alan\u0131 itibariyle meslekler aras\u0131 i\u015fbirli\u011fini gerektiren yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 20 Aral\u0131k 1990 tarihinde \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc Kocag\u00f6z, Merih Karaaslan ve M\u00fcr\u015fit G\u00fcnday\u2019\u0131n projesi kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u015eekil 6-7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 6: 1990 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Kazanan Proje Vaziyet Plan\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bu projede alan, K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, otel ve ticaret bu b\u00f6lgede planlanm\u0131\u015f ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019a yaya ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belediye projeden gelen kararlar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131na \u00f6nceli\u011fi K\u00fclt\u00fcrpark\u2019a vererek burada y\u0131k\u0131mlarla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ancak muhtemel yetersiz b\u00fct\u00e7e nedeniyle alanda tan\u0131mlanan yap\u0131lar\u0131 yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 7: 1990 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Kazanan Proje Maketi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli naz\u0131m imar plan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle alan\u0131n kullan\u0131m karar\u0131 olan C b\u00f6lgesi yerine 1. ve 2. derece metropoliten aktivite merkezi (M) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi sonucunda yar\u0131\u015fmadan elde edilen mimari projenin uygulanma \u015fans\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1997 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde ise \u0130BB Enc\u00fcmeni taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan kat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile pazarl\u0131k daveti ilan edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ortakl\u0131k ile \u0130BB aras\u0131nda alan\u0131n %12\u2019si belediyeye, %88\u2019i ortakl\u0131\u011fa b\u0131rak\u0131lacak \u015fekilde protokol imzalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan protokole g\u00f6re alan \u00fczerine ortakl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan konferans salonu, tiyatro salonu, sinema salonlar\u0131, sergi salonlar\u0131, katl\u0131 otopark, ticaret merkezi, otel ve turizm merkezi, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezi, ma\u011faza kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi (DTM) i\u00e7inde \u0130BB\u2019ye ait b\u00f6l\u00fcmler bila bedel yap\u0131larak teslim edilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (\u015eekil 8).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca yine protokole g\u00f6re, nakit 1.701.000.000.000 TL bedelin \u00f6denmesi ve ilave olarak Kahramanlar\u2019da 35.000 m\u00b2 in\u015faat alanl\u0131 katl\u0131 otopark\u0131n 15 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle i\u015fletmek \u015fart\u0131yla iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bedelsiz yap\u0131larak \u0130BB\u2019ye teslim edilmesi planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu iki \u015fart ortakl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yerine getirilmi\u015f, katl\u0131 otopark 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130BB\u2019ye devredilmi\u015ftir. Bu protokol h\u00fck\u00fcmleri 2. yar\u0131\u015fma projesinin de devreden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni bir proje haz\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u015eekil 8: 1998 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Haz\u0131rlanan D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi Proje Maketi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben, 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan gerekli projeler haz\u0131rlanarak \u0130BB taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen in\u015faat ruhsat\u0131 ile in\u015faata ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Konak Belediyesi in\u015faat ruhsat\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinden 2 ay sonra imar plan\u0131n\u0131 onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te plan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, arsa sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve in\u015faat ruhsatlar\u0131n\u0131n iptali istemiyle a\u00e7\u0131lan dava sonucunda \u0130zmir 3\u00fcnc\u00fc \u0130dare Mahkemesi imar planlar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k sebebiyle 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin (in\u015faat\u0131n) durdurulmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. \u0130BB ve Konak Belediyesi taraf\u0131ndan imar planlar\u0131 yenilenmi\u015f fakat yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131yla imar planlar\u0131 iptal edilmi\u015f ve alan\u0131n plans\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle in\u015faat tamamen durdurulmu\u015ftur. \u0130mzalanan s\u00f6zle\u015fmede, in\u015faat s\u00fcresi 360 g\u00fcn olarak belirtilmesine ve in\u015faat belirtilen s\u00fcrede bitmemi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u0130BB taraf\u0131ndan feshedilmedi\u011fi gibi 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine yerel y\u00f6netim se\u00e7imlerine 1 ay kala alan\u0131n m\u00fclkiyeti yasal olmayan bir in\u015faat ruhsat\u0131 ve yasal olmayan bir in\u015faat projesi referans al\u0131narak kat irtifak\u0131 \u00fczerinden tapuda ortakl\u0131\u011fa devredilmi\u015ftir. Normal ko\u015fullarda kat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 in\u015faat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde bina tamamland\u0131ktan sonra tapu devir i\u015flemleri yap\u0131lmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de yerel se\u00e7imlere bir ay kala bu i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kamuoyunda alanla ilgili soru i\u015faretlerinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2000\u2019li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde in\u015faat tamamen durmu\u015f, yeni bir y\u00f6netim i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na gelmi\u015ftir. Alanda, 2000\u2019lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ya\u015fananlar ve gelece\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fck olas\u0131 senaryolar \u201cG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden Gelece\u011fe Basmane \u00c7ukuru-2\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n