{"id":619,"date":"2021-03-11T10:48:14","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T10:48:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=619"},"modified":"2021-03-11T10:48:17","modified_gmt":"2021-03-11T10:48:17","slug":"biyogaz-uretimi-ve-izmirin-hayvansal-atik-kaynakli-biyogaz-potansiyeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/03\/11\/biyogaz-uretimi-ve-izmirin-hayvansal-atik-kaynakli-biyogaz-potansiyeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Biyogaz \u00dcretimi ve \u0130zmir\u2019in Hayvansal At\u0131k Kaynakl\u0131 Biyogaz Potansiyeli"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background\"><strong><strong>Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6khan EL\u00dcST\u00dcN<\/strong><\/strong><br><em>Uzman<br><em>Ye\u015fil B\u00fcy\u00fcme Politikalar\u0131 Birimi<\/em><\/em><br><em><a href=\"mailto:gokhan.elustun@izka.org.tr\"><em>gokhan.elustun@izka.org.tr<\/em><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyogaz, organik art\u0131klar\u0131n oksijensiz ortamda fermantasyonu sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan renksiz, kokusuz, havadan hafif ve muhtelif oranlarda metan, karbondioksit, hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr, azot, su buhar\u0131 ve hidrojen i\u00e7eren bir gaz kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyogaz enerjisinin kayna\u011f\u0131 asl\u0131nda hayvan ve bitki b\u00fcnyelerinde biriken g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisidir. Havas\u0131z ko\u015fullar ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da bu enerji biyogaz olarak a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Do\u011falgazla b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlik g\u00f6sterir ama do\u011falgazla aras\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, biyogaz\u0131n do\u011falgaza g\u00f6re yenilenebilir bir enerji t\u00fcr\u00fc olmas\u0131 ve \u00fcretildikten sonra geriye organik a\u00e7\u0131dan zengin g\u00fcbre kalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00fcbre de tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde do\u011frudan kullan\u0131labilmektedir.<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyogaz\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tasarlanan birka\u00e7 sistem vard\u0131r. Her model girdi, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, boyut ve t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterse de, organik at\u0131klar\u0131 biyogaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren biyolojik s\u00fcre\u00e7 her zaman ayn\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcreci basit bir \u015fekilde \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse; at\u0131k havuzunda toplanan organik materyaller (biyok\u00fctle) \u00f6ncelikle homojen olarak kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, par\u00e7alan\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece \u00fczerinde bakteri olu\u015fumu sa\u011flan\u0131r. Biyok\u00fctle buradan hava ge\u00e7irmeyen \u00f6n fermantasyon tank\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131r, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6n fermantasyona u\u011frar ve&nbsp;daha sonra ana fermantasyon tank\u0131na (reakt\u00f6re) g\u00f6nderilir. At\u0131klar, reakt\u00f6r i\u00e7inde bakterilerin \u00fcretti\u011fi enzimlerle par\u00e7alan\u0131r ve sonunda metanojenik bakteriler taraf\u0131ndan biyogaz \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Olu\u015fan&nbsp;biyogaz reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda birikir. \u00c7at\u0131da biriken biyogaz\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczdesini artt\u0131rmak gereklidir. Bu kapsamda \u00f6ncelikle reakt\u00f6r \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda biyogaz\u0131n nemi al\u0131n\u0131r, daha sonra i\u00e7indeki hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Biyogazdaki hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fcn, sistemin metal aksamlar\u0131nda korozyona sebep olmas\u0131 nedeniyle giderilmesi mutlaka gereklidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hidrojen s\u00fclf\u00fcrden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan biyogaz, sonraki a\u015famada gaz y\u0131kama \u00fcnitesine g\u00f6nderilerek i\u00e7indeki CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u2018ten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.&nbsp;T\u00fcm bu i\u015flemler neticesinde %97-98 oran\u0131nda metan i\u00e7eren biyogaz elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-2.png 656w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-2-300x134.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><figcaption>\u015eekil 1. Biyogaz Elektrik Santral \u015eemas\u0131.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Gaz y\u0131kama \u00fcnitesinden \u00e7\u0131kan biyogaz \u00f6zel kompres\u00f6rler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla enerji \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in gaz tank\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir. \u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlar veya gaz t\u00fcrbinleri ile elektrik ve \u0131s\u0131 enerjisine \u00e7evrilir.&nbsp; Biyogaz santrallerinde enerji \u00fcretimi \u0131s\u0131 ve elektrik enerjisinin ayn\u0131 anda \u00fcretilebildi\u011fi kojenerasyon sistemiyle sa\u011flan\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm bu i\u015flemler sonucunda reakt\u00f6r dibinde biriken at\u0131klar ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan ge\u00e7irilerek s\u0131v\u0131 ve kat\u0131 g\u00fcbre olarak tar\u0131m arazilerine g\u00f6nderilmeye haz\u0131r hale getirilir. Biyogaz\u0131n at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r hale getirilmesi ile sistem \u00e7evrimi tamamlan\u0131r.<sup>[2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyogaz \u00fcretiminde dikkat edilmesi hususlar mevcuttur:<sup> [3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fermant\u00f6rde (\u00fcretim tank\u0131-sindire\u00e7) kesinlikle oksijen bulunmamal\u0131,<\/li><li>&nbsp;Antibiyotik alm\u0131\u015f hayvansal at\u0131klar ve deterjanl\u0131 organik at\u0131klar \u00fcretim tank\u0131na al\u0131nmamal\u0131,<\/li><li>Ortamda yeni bakteri olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u00e7in yeterli miktarda azot bulunmal\u0131,<\/li><li>\u00dcretim tank\u0131nda asitlik derecesi (Ph) 7,0-7,6 aras\u0131nda olmal\u0131,<\/li><li>Fermant\u00f6r s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sabit tutulmal\u0131,<\/li><li>\u00dcretim tank\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k girmemeli ve ortam karanl\u0131k olmal\u0131,<\/li><li>\u00dcretim tank\u0131nda minimum %50, optimum %90 oran\u0131nda su olmal\u0131,<\/li><li>Ortamda metan bakterilerinin beslenmesine yetecek kadar organik madde par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f-\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olarak bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye ve \u0130zmir\u2019de Biyogaz:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2016 sonu itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurulu biyogaz g\u00fcc\u00fc 503,14 MW ile toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn %0,6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, bu alanda yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n artmas\u0131 ile kurulu biyogaz g\u00fcc\u00fc 2020 sonunda 1115,6 MW\u2019a ve kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7teki pay\u0131 %1,2 \u2018ye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <sup>[4] <\/sup>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hali haz\u0131rda \u00fcretim yapan 275 adet biyogaz santrali bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-621\" width=\"578\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-3.png 656w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-3-300x148.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 578px) 100vw, 578px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Tablo 1.<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kurulu Biyogaz G\u00fcc\u00fc<br><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> Enerji Piyasas\u0131 Denetleme Kurulu Ayl\u0131k Raporlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130zmir\u2018de faaliyette bulunan 5 adet biyogaz tesisinin kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc toplamda 32 MW\u2019t\u0131r. Faaliyet g\u00f6steren 5 santralden 4\u2019\u00fc proseste ana hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak, b\u00f6lge \u00e7iftliklerinden sa\u011flanan hayvansal at\u0131klar\u0131 kullan\u0131rken, \u0130zmir Harmandal\u0131 biyogaz tesisi (Kapasite: 15 MW) ise at\u0131k depolama sahas\u0131ndaki organik at\u0131klar\u0131 enerjiye \u00e7evirmektedir. Tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 6 MW kurulu g\u00fcce sahip olacak Halilbeyli Biyogaz Enerji Santrali ise yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<sup> [<\/sup><sup>5<\/sup><sup>]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130zmir\u2019in Hayvansal At\u0131k Kaynakl\u0131 Biyogaz Potansiyeli:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fclkemizde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00fczenli ve sistemli bir \u015fekilde eri\u015filebilmesi, biyogaz \u00fcretiminde hayvansal at\u0131k kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber biyogaz \u00fcretimi ile hayvansal at\u0131klar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresel etkilerin bertaraf edilebilmesi ve \u00fcretim prosesi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tar\u0131mda do\u011frudan kullan\u0131labilecek haz\u0131r g\u00fcbre elde edilmesi de hayvansal at\u0131k kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli hale getirmektedir. Bu kapsamda, hayvan yo\u011funlu\u011funun y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli hayvan \u00e7iftliklerinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde biyogaz santrali kurulmas\u0131 hem ekonomik hem de ekolojik olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130l Tar\u0131m ve Orman M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, \u0130zmir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde 34,867 b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f, 16.298 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f ve 447 k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 i\u015fletmesinde toplam 780.151 b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f, 913.683 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f ve 21.902.839 k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 mevcuttur. \u00dclkemizdeki b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %4,3\u2019\u00fc, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %2\u2019si ve k\u00fcmes hayvan\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ise %6,3\u2019\u00fc \u0130zmir\u2019dedir.<sup>[<\/sup><sup>6<\/sup><sup>] <\/sup>Mevcut veriler g\u00f6stermektedir ki \u0130zmir, hayvansal at\u0131ktan biyogaz, elektrik ve g\u00fcbre \u00fcretimi konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir potansiyeli bulundurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayvan say\u0131lar\u0131na ait toplam ya\u015f at\u0131k miktar\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu at\u0131klardan ne kadar biyogaz \u00fcretilebilece\u011fini hesaplamak i\u00e7in, Tablo 2. \u2018de sunulan bir tak\u0131m kabul ve teknik verilere ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-131033.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-622\" width=\"579\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-131033.png 996w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-131033-300x208.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 579px) 100vw, 579px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Tablo 2.<\/strong> Biyogaz Potansiyeli Hesaplamas\u0131nda Kullan\u0131lacak Teknik Veriler <sup>[7] [8] [9]<\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00f6z konusu veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019deki \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131ndan elde edilebilecek toplam g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131 (TGM) ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki form\u00fcl vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile hesaplanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>TGM= HS x EEO x YGM x 365 \/ 1000<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>TGM: Bir y\u0131lda hayvanlardan elde edilebilecek toplam ya\u015f g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131n\u0131,<\/li><li>HS: \u0130l genelindeki toplam hayvan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131,<\/li><li>EEO: Hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re elde edilebilecek ya\u015f g\u00fcbre oran\u0131n\u0131,<\/li><li>YGM: Bir g\u00fcnde bir hayvan taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen ya\u015f g\u00fcbre miktar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu kapsamda; hayvan cinslerine g\u00f6re elde edilebilir toplam ya\u015f g\u00fcbre miktarlar\u0131 hesaplanm\u0131\u015f ve Tablo 3\u2019te sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"817\" height=\"603\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134011.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-625\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134011.png 817w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134011-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134011-768x567.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Tablo 3.<\/strong> Hayvan Cinslerine G\u00f6re Ya\u015f G\u00fcbre Miktarlar\u0131<br><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu, \u0130l Tar\u0131m ve Orman M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tablo 2.\u2019deki kabul ve teknik veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplam biyogaz potansiyeli ve bu gaz\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l, elektriksel ve TEP e\u015fde\u011ferleri hesaplanarak Tablo 4.\u2019te sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134319.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134319.png 828w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134319-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Ekran-goruntusu-2021-03-11-134319-768x289.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 828px) 100vw, 828px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Tablo 4.<\/strong> Toplam Biyogaz Potansiyeli ve Enerji E\u015fde\u011feri<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re biyogaz \u00fcretim miktar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde; \u0130zmir\u2019deki hayvansal kaynakl\u0131 biyogaz potansiyelinin %71\u2019ini b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar, %25\u2019ini k\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131, %4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"203\" src=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-624\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-4.png 660w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/image-4-300x92.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><figcaption><strong>\u015eekil 2.<\/strong> Kaynaklara G\u00f6re Biyogaz Potansiyeli Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm bu hesaplamalar g\u00f6stermektedir ki; \u0130zmir, sadece hayvansal kaynakl\u0131 at\u0131klardan 1.003.175,50 MWh\/y\u0131l elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretim potansiyeline sahiptir. Bir elektrik santralinin y\u0131lda ortalama 8.000 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131ndan<sup>[10]<\/sup> hareket edildi\u011finde, \u0130zmir\u2019de toplam 125,4 MW\u2019l\u0131k bir biyogaz santrali kurulum potansiyeli mevcuttur. Faaliyette bulunan ve in\u015fa edilen biyogaz santralleri ise bu potansiyelin sadece %18\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca santrallerdeki prosesler neticesinde arazilerde kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r yakla\u015f\u0131k 910.000 ton\/y\u0131l g\u00fcbre elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u0130zmir\u2019in hayvansal at\u0131klardan biyogaz \u00fcretim potansiyelinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi, \u00fclkemizin enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltaca\u011f\u0131 gibi yarataca\u011f\u0131 istihdam ile \u00fclke ekonomisine kayda de\u011fer bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hayvansal at\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7evresel sorun oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde biyogaz santral yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bu sorunun da \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u015fik\u00e2rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.muhendisbeyinler.net\/biyogaz-nedir-nasil-elde-edilir\/\">M\u00fchendisbeyinler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.muhendisbeyinler.net\/biyogaz-tesisleri-ile-isi-elektrik-uretimi\/\">M\u00fchendisbeyinler<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.normenerji.com.tr\/menu_detay.asp?id=9595\">Norm Enerji<\/a><\/li><li>Enerji Piyasas\u0131 Denetleme Kurulu Ayl\u0131k Raporlar\u0131<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/biyogazder.org\/\">Biyogazder<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/izmir.tarimorman.gov.tr\/Belgeler\/%C4%B0l%20M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC%20Brifing.pdf\">\u0130l Tar\u0131m ve Orman M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/li><li>Ekinci, K., K\u00fclc\u00fc, Kaya, R.D., Yald\u0131z, O., Ertekin, C. &amp; \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, H.H. (2010). The Prospective Of Potential Biogas Plants That Can Utilize Animal Manure \u0130n Turkey. Energy Exploration &amp; Exploitation, 28(3), 187-206.<\/li><li>Bond, T. &amp; Templeton, M.R. (2011). History And Future Of Domestic Biogas Plants \u0130n The Developing World. Energy Sustainable Development, 15(4), 347\u2013354.<\/li><li>Ba\u015f\u00e7etin\u00e7elik, A., \u00d6zt\u00fcrk, H.H., Karaca, C., Ka\u00e7\u0131ra, M., Ekinci, K., Kaya, D., Baban, A., G\u00fcne\u015f, K., Komitti, N., Barnes, I. &amp; Nieminen, M. (2003). A Guide on Exploitation of Agricultural Residues in Turkey. LIFE03TCY\/TR\/000061, ANNEX 14 Final Report. Bayrak I\u015f\u0131k, E.H<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/dergipark.org.tr\/tr\/download\/article-file\/50747#:~:text=Termik%20santraller%20y%C4%B1lda%206.000%2D8.000,yap%C4%B1l%C4%B1r%20(Sel%C3%A7uk%2C2008)\">Dergipark<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fclkemizde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131 sayesinde hammadde kayna\u011f\u0131na d\u00fczenli ve sistemli bir \u015fekilde eri\u015filebilmesi, biyogaz \u00fcretiminde hayvansal at\u0131k kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber biyogaz \u00fcretimi ile hayvansal at\u0131klar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresel etkilerin bertaraf edilebilmesi ve \u00fcretim prosesi tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tar\u0131mda do\u011frudan kullan\u0131labilecek haz\u0131r g\u00fcbre elde edilmesi de hayvansal at\u0131k kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli hale getirmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[192,194,193,96],"class_list":["post-619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yesil-buyume","tag-biyogaz-enerjisi","tag-gubre","tag-hayvansal-atik","tag-yenilenebilir-enerji"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=619"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/619\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":627,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/619\/revisions\/627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}