{"id":461,"date":"2021-02-01T10:12:28","date_gmt":"2021-02-01T10:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=461"},"modified":"2021-02-03T08:26:13","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T08:26:13","slug":"jeotermal-enerji-ve-bolgemize-dair-analizler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2021\/02\/01\/jeotermal-enerji-ve-bolgemize-dair-analizler\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeotermal Enerji ve B\u00f6lgemize Dair Analizler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6khan EL\u00dcST\u00dcN<\/strong>
Uzman<\/em>
Ye\u015fil B\u00fcy\u00fcme Politikalar\u0131 Birimi<\/em>
gokhan.elustu<\/a><\/em>n<\/em><\/a>@izka.org.tr<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeotermal enerji; yerkabu\u011funun \u00e7e\u015fitli derinliklerinde bulunan birikmi\u015f \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel atmosferik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan, normal yer alt\u0131 ve yer \u00fcst\u00fc sular\u0131na g\u00f6re daha fazla erimi\u015f mineral, tuz ve gaz i\u00e7eren ak\u0131\u015fkan olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Baz\u0131 alanlarda bulunan s\u0131cak kuru kayalar da ak\u0131\u015fkan i\u00e7ermemesine ra\u011fmen jeotermal enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilirler. Jeotermal ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131 olu\u015fturan sular genelde hava olaylar\u0131 ile ilgili oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in atmosferik ko\u015fullar devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece jeotermal kaynaklar yenilenmektedir.[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir jeotermal sistemin olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan parametreler; yer kabu\u011funun derinliklerindeki \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ak\u0131\u015fkan, ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran rezervuar kaya\u00e7 ve \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen \u00f6rt\u00fc kaya\u00e7t\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n merkezinde s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 42000<\/sup> C\u2019yi bulan magma ad\u0131 verilen eriyik k\u00fctle bulunmaktad\u0131r. Tektonizman\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131klar do\u011frultusunda hareket eden, zaman zaman yery\u00fcz\u00fcne kadar ula\u015fan bu magma faaliyetleri jeotermal sistemin \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7atlaklar boyunca s\u00fcz\u00fclen meteorik (hava olaylar\u0131 ile ilgili) sular derinlerde \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra g\u00f6zenekli ve ge\u00e7irimli olan rezervuar kaya\u00e7 i\u00e7inde birikir. Bu sular\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 fay hatlar\u0131 boyunca y\u00fckselerek yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015farak jeotermal kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar. \u00dczeri ge\u00e7irimsiz bir \u00f6rt\u00fc kaya ile ku\u015fat\u0131lan ve \u00e7o\u011fu zaman yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015famayan rezervuar kaya i\u00e7erisindeki jeotermal ak\u0131\u015fkan ise sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeotermal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda jeoloji, jeofizik ve jeokimya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr ve elde edilen veriler de\u011ferlendirilerek uygun sondaj lokasyonlar\u0131 belirlenir. Yap\u0131lan sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve testler sonucunda jeotermal ak\u0131\u015fkan\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, debisi ve kimyasal \u00f6zellikleri tespit edilir. Bu \u00f6zellikler elde edildikten sonra jeotermal enerjinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik proje ve tesisler yap\u0131l\u0131r. Jeotermal enerjinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda sunulmu\u015ftur. [1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tablo 1.<\/strong>  Jeotermal enerjinin s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131cakl\u0131k (\u00baC)<\/strong><\/td>Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
180 ve \u00dcst\u00fc<\/td>Y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu sol\u00fcsyonlar\u0131n buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, elektrik \u00fcretimi, amonyum absorbsiyonu ile so\u011futma<\/td><\/tr>
170<\/td>Diatomitlerin kurutulmas\u0131, a\u011f\u0131r su ve hidrojen s\u00fclfit eldesi<\/td><\/tr>
160<\/td>Kereste kurutmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, bal\u0131k kurutmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
150<\/td>Bayer\u2019s metodu ile al\u00fcminyum eldesi<\/td><\/tr>
140<\/td>Konservecilik, \u00e7iftlik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7abuk kurutulmas\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
130<\/td>\u015eeker end\u00fcstrisi, tuz end\u00fcstrisi,<\/td><\/tr>
120<\/td>Distilasyonla temiz su elde edilmesi<\/td><\/tr>
110<\/td>\u00c7imento kurutmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
100<\/td>Organik maddeleri kurutma (Deniz yosunu, \u00e7imen, sebze), y\u00fcn y\u0131kama ve kurutma<\/td><\/tr>
90<\/td>Bal\u0131k kurutma (stok bal\u0131k)<\/td><\/tr>
80<\/td>Yer ve sera \u0131s\u0131tmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
70<\/td>So\u011futma (Alt S\u0131cakl\u0131k Limiti)<\/td><\/tr>
60<\/td>Sera, ah\u0131r ve k\u00fcmes \u0131s\u0131tmac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/td><\/tr>
50<\/td>Mantar yeti\u015ftirme, balneolojik hamamlar<\/td><\/tr>
40<\/td>Toprak \u0131s\u0131tma<\/td><\/tr>
30<\/td>Y\u00fczme havuzlar\u0131, fermantasyonlar, dam\u0131tma<\/td><\/tr>
20<\/td>Bal\u0131k \u00e7iftlikleri<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyadaki jeotermal sistemlerin olu\u015fumu 1915\u2019li y\u0131llarda Alfred Wegener taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lan Continental Drift (K\u0131talar\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131) teorisinin geli\u015ftirilmesi sonucunda 1960\u2018larda \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir kabul g\u00f6ren plaka tektoni\u011fi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, d\u00fcnyam\u0131z belli ba\u015fl\u0131 plakalardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve jeotermal ku\u015faklar bu levhalar\u0131n \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 aktif k\u0131ta s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda, okyanus ortas\u0131 s\u0131rtlarda, aktif k\u0131ta yar\u0131klar\u0131nda ve volkanik adalar \u00fczerinde bulunurlar. Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131ra da\u011flar, volkanlar, deprem ku\u015faklar\u0131 da plaka s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. [2]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u015eekil 1.<\/strong> Levha Tektoni\u011fi
Kaynak: <\/em>https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/duenyamizvegezegenler\/duenyanin-ic-yapisi<\/em><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zay\u0131fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgelerine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan tektonik ve aktif volkanik ku\u015faklar boyunca Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, (Amerika, Meksika, El Salvador, Nikaragua, Kostarika, Arjantin) Akdeniz \u00fclkelerinde (T\u00fcrkiye, Yunanistan, \u0130talya) Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya \u00fclkelerinde (\u00c7in, Tayland, Filipinler, Endonezya), Yeni Zelanda, Japonya, Portekiz\u2019in Azor adalar\u0131nda, Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131nda (Kenya, Etopya) ve \u0130zlanda\u2019da jeotermal kaynaklar bulunmaktad\u0131r. [1]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye, Alp-Himalaya orojenik ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindedir. Orojenik magmatik ve volkanik aktivitelerin \u00e7ok olmas\u0131 nedeni ile jeotermal a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir potansiyele sahiptir. [1]<\/sup> S\u00f6z konusu potansiyeli olu\u015fturan alanlar\u0131n % 78’i Bat\u0131 Anadolu’da, % 9\u2019u \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu’da, % 7\u2019si Marmara B\u00f6lgesinde, % 5’i Do\u011fu Anadolu’da ve % 1’i di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerde yer almaktad\u0131r. Jeotermal kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n % 90’\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve do\u011frudan uygulamalar (\u0131s\u0131tma, termal turizm, \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel uygulamalar vb.) i\u00e7in, % 10\u2019u ise dolayl\u0131 uygulamalar (elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimi) i\u00e7in uygundur. <\/sup>[3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2.<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Jeotermal Haritas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Kaynak: Maden Tetkik Arama Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizdeki jeotermal alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, Maden Tetkik Arama (MTA) Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan 1962 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk ara\u015ft\u0131rma kuyusu 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bal\u00e7ova \u0130zmir\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ilk jeotermal \u0131s\u0131tma uygulamas\u0131na 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda Park Oteli\u2019nin (G\u00f6nen\/Bal\u0131kesir) \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise \u00fclkemizde en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa sahip sahalardan biri olan K\u0131z\u0131ldere\/Denizli jeotermal sahas\u0131 ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f ve ilk jeotermal elektrik santrali burada kurulmu\u015ftur. <\/sup>1960\u2019larda arama ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, jeotermal elektrik ve do\u011frudan kullan\u0131m ticari etkinliklerinin \u00e7o\u011fu  2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Jeotermal Kaynaklar ve Do\u011fal Mineralli Sular Kanunu\u2019nun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. [4]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda, jeotermal kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc sadece 30 MW olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Aral\u0131k 2020 itibariyle, jeotermal kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 1556 MW\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye bu alanda D\u00fcnya\u2019da d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131radad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011frudan kullan\u0131m potansiyeli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avrupa\u2019da birinci s\u0131rada olan \u00fclkemizde 346.000 Konut E\u015fde\u011feri (KE) kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan 3589 MW jeotermal \u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 mevcuttur. [3]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Jeotermal Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda \u00fclkemizin jeotermal teorik \u0131s\u0131 potansiyeli 60.000 MW ( 10 Milyon KE), 0-3 Km derinlikteki elektrik \u00fcretim potansiyeli ise 4500 MW olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu jeotermal potansiyeli ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplam elektrik enerjisi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n % 5\u2019i, \u0131s\u0131tmada \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n %30\u2019u kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir. S\u00f6z konusu kaynaklar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ortalamas\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye enerji (elektrik + \u0131s\u0131 enerjisi) ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n %14\u2019\u00fc jeotermal kaynaklar ile idame edilebilir. Mevcut kaynaklar\u0131n, elektrik \u00fcretimi, \u015fehir \u0131s\u0131tma, so\u011futma, sera \u0131s\u0131tma, termal tesis \u0131s\u0131tma, kapl\u0131ca kullan\u0131m\u0131, kimyasal maddeler \u00fcretimi, sanayide kullan\u0131m vb. uygulamalarda tam de\u011ferlendirilmesi halinde sa\u011flanacak y\u0131ll\u0131k net yurti\u00e7i katma de\u011fer ise $80 Milyar civar\u0131nda olabilecektir. [5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada alt\u0131 \u00f6zellikle \u00e7izilmesi gereken ve son y\u0131llarda \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli husus, jeotermal kaynaklardan hammadde (kimyasal madde ve element) \u00fcretimidir. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, jeotermal ak\u0131\u015fkanlar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok metal maden ve mineralce zengin oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ise lityum gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lityum, bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6zel bir elementtir; D\u00fcnya\u2019daki en hafif metaldir ve bir b\u0131\u00e7akla kesilebilecek kadar yumu\u015fakt\u0131r; \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda enerji depolamada, elektrikli otomobillerde ve %100 yenilenebilir enerji sistemlerinde vazge\u00e7ilmez, temel bir bile\u015fen olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’deki jeotermal kaynaklar kimyasal madde ve element bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a zengindir. Sadece jeotermal kaynakl\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretim tesislerinden y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 17 bin kg lityum elde edilebilir.[6]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehrimiz \u0130zmir ise jeotermal enerji kaynaklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en zengin illerinden biridir. Seferihisar, Bal\u00e7ova-Narl\u0131dere, Dikili, Bergama, \u00c7e\u015fme, Alia\u011fa, \u00c7i\u011fli-Menemen, Urla, Bay\u0131nd\u0131r, Menderes ve Kemalpa\u015fa gibi 11 merkezde bir\u00e7ok jeotermal kaynak mevcuttur. Do\u011frudan kullan\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130zmir\u2019de D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck jeotermal kaynakl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel \u0131s\u0131tma sistemlerinden olan Bal\u00e7ova-Narl\u0131dere merkezi 37500 KE (konut e\u015fde\u011fer), Dikili 1500 KE ve Bergama ise 400 KE fiili kapasiteye sahiptir ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin mevcut kapasitesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %30\u2019unu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.[7]<\/sup> Jeotermal Derne\u011fi\u2019nin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ise \u0130zmir\u2019in merkezinin 240.000 KE toplamda ise 280.000 KE do\u011frudan kullan\u0131m \u0131s\u0131 potansiyelinin oldu\u011fu ortaya konmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeotermal kaynaklar\u0131n seralarda kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u0130zmir s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Dikili\u2019de yakla\u015f\u0131k 800, Bal\u00e7ova\u2019da 100 ve Bergama\u2019da 80 d\u00f6n\u00fcm alan\u0131 kaplayan sera alan\u0131 jeotermal enerji ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[7]<\/sup> Bu da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki jeotermal ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lan toplam 4000 d\u00f6n\u00fcm seran\u0131n %25\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.[5]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k ama\u00e7l\u0131 (termal) kullan\u0131m ise Bal\u00e7ova\u2019da Valili\u011fe ait termal oteller ve \u00e7evredeki baz\u0131 otellerde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte geleneksel kapl\u0131calar Dikili, Seferihisar, Bay\u0131nd\u0131r, Bergama ve \u00c7e\u015fme\u2019de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Jeotermal su \u00c7e\u015fme\u2019de 18 otelin k\u0131smen \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve k\u00fcr merkezlerinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. [7]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana, Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde banyo, \u0131s\u0131nma ve pi\u015firme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan jeotermal kaynaklar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimi, \u0131s\u0131tma\/so\u011futma, end\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 temini, kurutma, maden ve element \u00fcretimi, termal turizm ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Jeotermal sahalar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 potansiyelleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerinin de\u011ferlendirilmesi, T\u00fcrkiye’nin enerjide ve hammaddede d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltaca\u011f\u0131 gibi yarataca\u011f\u0131 istihdam ile \u00fclke ekonomisine kayda de\u011fer bir katk\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Konut E\u015fde\u011fer (KE): 100m\u00b2\u2019lik kapal\u0131 alan\u0131 belirtmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. T\u00fcrkiye Makine M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131<\/a><\/li>
  2. Elektrik M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131<\/a><\/li>
  3. T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/li>
  4. Maden Tetkik Arama Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/a><\/li>
  5. T\u00fcrkiye Jeotermal Derne\u011fi<\/a><\/li>
  6. Jeotermal Elektrik Santral Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 Derne\u011fi<\/a><\/li>
  7. \u0130zmir Makina M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Eski \u00e7a\u011flardan bu yana, Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde banyo, \u0131s\u0131nma ve pi\u015firme ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan jeotermal kaynaklar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimi, \u0131s\u0131tma\/so\u011futma, end\u00fcstriyel proseslerde \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 temini, kurutma, maden ve element \u00fcretimi, termal turizm ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":465,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,1],"tags":[137,138,139],"class_list":["post-461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-surdurulebilir-kalkinma","category-yesil-buyume","tag-jeotermal-enerji","tag-jeotermal-enerji-kullanimi","tag-lityum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=461"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":567,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/461\/revisions\/567"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}