{"id":210,"date":"2020-05-21T11:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-05-21T11:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=210"},"modified":"2020-08-12T07:00:57","modified_gmt":"2020-08-12T07:00:57","slug":"turkiyede-enerji-arz-guvenligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2020\/05\/21\/turkiyede-enerji-arz-guvenligi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Enerji Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-background has-very-dark-gray-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color\"><strong>Hakk\u0131 G\u00f6khan EL\u00dcST\u00dcN<\/strong><br><em>Uzman<br>Ye\u015fil B\u00fcy\u00fcme Politikalar\u0131 Birimi<br><\/em><a href=\"mailto:gokhan.elustun@izka.org.tr\"><em>gokhan.elustun@izka.org.tr<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve\nkalk\u0131nman\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olan enerji, \u00fclke ekonomileri\n\u00fczerindeki etkileri sebebiyle ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 platformda giderek artan\nbir \u00f6neme sahiptir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde enerji piyasalar\u0131nda h\u00e2kim g\u00fc\u00e7 olabilmek i\u00e7in\nenerji kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olman\u0131n yan\u0131nda, enerjinin kabul edilebilir\nmaliyetlerle \u00fcretilmesi ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 da \u00f6nemlidir. Bu kapsamda\ngiderek artan k\u00fcresel enerji talebine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusu,\nhem enerji \u00fcreten ve ihra\u00e7 eden hem de enerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan \u00fclkelerin\ng\u00fcndeminde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu sorun politika alan\u0131n\u0131 ilgilendirdi\u011fi gibi teorik\nliterat\u00fcrde de enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin tan\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam\netmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131,\nenerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, \u201cEnerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nabilir bir fiyattan\nkesintisiz bir \u015fekilde ula\u015f\u0131labilirli\u011fi\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131\nEnerji Ajans\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bir\u00e7ok boyutu vard\u0131r. Uzun d\u00f6nem\nenerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, \u201ctemelde enerji arz\u0131n\u0131 ekonomik geli\u015fim ve \u00e7evresel\nihtiya\u00e7larla uyumlu bir \u015fekilde sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u201d anlam\u0131na\ngelmektedir. Di\u011fer taraftan k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ise, arz talep\ndengesindeki ani de\u011fi\u015fimlere kar\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde cevap verebilme\nbecerisidir.<sup>[1]<\/sup> \u201cYeterli miktardaki kaliteli ve temiz enerjinin,\nuygun fiyatlarla ve kesintisiz olarak temin edilmesi\u201d <sup>[2]<\/sup> \u015feklindeki\nbir tan\u0131m, enerjinin yeterlili\u011finin yan\u0131nda temiz olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini de ifade\netmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkelerin uluslararas\u0131\narenadaki g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ve politikalar\u0131na g\u00f6re kendi enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tan\u0131mlar\u0131\nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Son y\u0131llardaki k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sebebiyle, bu\ntan\u0131mlara temiz enerji kavram\u0131 da eklenmi\u015ftir.<sup>[3]<\/sup> Enerji arz\ng\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar, kavram\u0131n iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir.\nFarkl\u0131 yorum ve yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, tan\u0131m\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini\nekonomik ve politik perspektiflerden yorumlayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.\nEkonomik bakanlar genellikle enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gibi bir sorun g\u00f6rmemekte ve\ntamamen piyasa ile ilgili oldu\u011funu iddia etmektedirler. Devletin de yaln\u0131zca\npiyasa ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi durumlarda m\u00fcdahale etmesini\nsavunmaktad\u0131rlar. Klasik iktisadi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe paralel olan bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re enerji\narz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi diye bir problem yoktur. Di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftekiler ise, enerji\nkaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n millile\u015ftirilmesinin, enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi problemini milli\ng\u00fcvenlik problemi haline getirdi\u011fini iddia etmektedirler.<sup>[4]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin\nenerji politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel hedefi, enerjinin ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek\nve sosyal geli\u015fmeyi destekleyecek \u015fekilde, zaman\u0131nda, yeterli, g\u00fcvenilir,\nrekabet edilebilir fiyatlardan, \u00e7evresel etki de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak temin\nedilmesidir. \u00dclkemizde son y\u0131llarda, enerji piyasam\u0131z\u0131n rekabete dayal\u0131 ve\n\u015feffaf bir piyasa anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yerli ve\nyenilenebilir kaynak potansiyelimizin tespiti ve kullan\u0131m\u0131, n\u00fckleer enerjinin\nelektrik \u00fcretimine dahil edilmesi, enerji verimlili\u011fi ve yeni enerji\nteknolojilerinden yararlan\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi alanlarda yasal ve teknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla\n\u00f6nemli a\u015fama kat edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kapsamda; T\u00fcrkiye enerji politikas\u0131n\u0131n temel\n\u00f6ncelikleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Maliyet,\nzaman ve miktar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden enerjinin t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131,<\/li><li>Serbest\npiyasa uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kamu ve \u00f6zel kesim imkanlar\u0131n\u0131n harekete\nge\u00e7irilmesi,<\/li><li>D\u0131\u015fa\nba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li><li>Enerji\nalan\u0131nda \u00fclkemizin b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel etkinli\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li><li>Kaynak,\ng\u00fczerg\u00e2h ve teknoloji \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li><li>Yenilenebilir\nkaynaklar\u0131n azami oranda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131,<\/li><li>Enerji\nverimlili\u011finin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/li><li>Enerji\nve tabii kaynaklar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde ve kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki olumsuz\netkilerin en aza indirilmesi \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenmektedir.<sup>[5]<\/sup> &nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin\nenerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikleri i\u00e7erisinde yer alan, d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\nazalt\u0131lmas\u0131, kaynak, g\u00fczerg\u00e2h, teknoloji \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, yenilenebilir\nenerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve enerji \u00fcretiminde \u00e7evresel\nkaynaklar\u0131n en aza indirilmesinin temelinde enerjide arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin\nsa\u011flanmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<sup> [5]<\/sup> &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ba\u011flamda, enerji talep art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n g\u00f6rmek, gerekli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\nyap\u0131larak enerji arz talep dengesini dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini\nsa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan her iki y\u0131lda\nbir gelecek yirmi y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan T\u00fcrkiye Elektrik Enerjisi Talep Projeksiyonu\nRaporu haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve yay\u0131mlan\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki\n20 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bu projeksiyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda elektrik t\u00fcketimini\netkileyen, <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ekonomik\nB\u00fcy\u00fcme Oran\u0131 <\/li><li>N\u00fcfus <\/li><li>Hane halk\u0131\nSay\u0131s\u0131 <\/li><li>Ula\u015ft\u0131rma\nSekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Elektrik T\u00fcketimine Katk\u0131s\u0131 <\/li><li>\u0130\u00e7\nT\u00fcketim ve \u015eebeke Kay\u0131plar\u0131 <\/li><li>Verimlilik\nkonular\u0131na ili\u015fkin verilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00fclkemizin ve \u00fclkemize benzer olarak\nde\u011ferlendirilen \u00fclkelerin Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 veri taban\u0131ndaki enerji\nverileri ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 veri taban\u0131ndaki sekt\u00f6rel GSYH verileri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En son\n2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma neticesinde elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar Tablo 1 ve \u015eekil\n1 ile g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama\nelektrik talebi art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131 Senaryo 1 i\u00e7in %2,90, Senaryo 2 i\u00e7in %3,36 ve\nSenaryo 3 i\u00e7in %3,84 olarak hesaplanmaktad\u0131r. (Senaryo 1 \u2013 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Senaryo,\nSenaryo 2 \u2013 Referans Senaryo, Senaryo 3 \u2013 Y\u00fcksek Senaryo)<sup> [6]<\/sup> &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tablo-1 Elektrik Enerjisi Talep Projeksiyonu Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"545\" src=\"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-214\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image.png 630w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-300x260.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(Kaynak: Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u015eekil 1. Elektrik Enerjisi Talep Projeksiyonu Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u2013 Y\u0131l\u0131k Bazda Talep<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"874\" height=\"385\" src=\"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-215\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-1.png 874w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-1-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/image-1-768x338.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 874px) 100vw, 874px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<em>(Kaynak: Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar\nBakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji politikalar\u0131 sayesinde ise, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin\nd\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llara s\u00e2ri olarak az da olsa bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7erisindedir. Bu\ndurum arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Ba\u015fta\ng\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi olmak \u00fczere yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131 iyi bir\npotansiyel sunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca yeni kaynaklar\u0131n ke\u015ffi ve \u00fclke ekonomisine\nentegrasyonu, enerji verimlili\u011fi ve n\u00fckleer enerjinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 enerji arz\ng\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi kapsam\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctmekte\noldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck projeler hakk\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Trans Anadolu Do\u011fal Gaz Boru Hatt\u0131 Projesi (TANAP):<\/strong> Temelleri 15 Mart 2015 tarihinde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan projesinin amac\u0131,\nAzerbaycan\u2019\u0131n Hazar Denizi\u2019ndeki \u015eah Deniz 2 Gaz Sahas\u0131 ve Hazar Denizi\u2019nin\ng\u00fcneyindeki di\u011fer sahalarda \u00fcretilen do\u011fal gaz\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye, ard\u0131ndan\nAvrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. TANAP, G\u00fcney Kafkasya Boru Hatt\u0131 (SCP) ve\nTrans-Adriyatik Boru Hatt\u0131 (TAP) ile birle\u015ferek G\u00fcney Do\u011fal Gaz Koridorunu\nolu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TANAP, T\u00fcrkiye G\u00fcrcistan\ns\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Ardahan ili Posof il\u00e7esi T\u00fcrkg\u00f6z\u00fc k\u00f6y\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak 20 il, 67 il\u00e7e\nve 600 k\u00f6yden ge\u00e7ip toplam 1850 km ilerleyerek 30 Kas\u0131m 2019 tarihinde\nYunanistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Edirne\u2019nin \u0130psala il\u00e7esine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. TANAP, bu noktadan,\n2020 y\u0131l\u0131 sonuna do\u011fru tamamlanmas\u0131 planlanan ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerine do\u011fal gaz\naktaracak olan TAP Do\u011fal Gaz Boru Hatt\u0131\u2019na ba\u011flanacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proje kapsam\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\ns\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde biri Eski\u015fehir ve di\u011feri Trakya\u2019da olmak \u00fczere, ulusal\ndo\u011fal gaz iletim \u015febekesine ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in iki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;yi do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya kateden ve y\u0131lda 16 milyar m<sup>3<\/sup> do\u011falgaz ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasiteli TANAP projesinden T\u00fcrkiye,\ny\u0131lda 6 milyar m<sup>3<\/sup> do\u011fal gaz\u0131\ni\u00e7 piyasaya arz edecektir. S\u00f6z konusu projenin kapasitesinin ilerleyen y\u0131llarda\n\u00f6nce 24 milyar ard\u0131ndan 31 milyar m<sup>3<\/sup>\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. TANAP&#8217;ta, Azeri enerji \u015firketi SOCAR&#8217;\u0131n %51,\nBOTA\u015e&#8217;\u0131n %30, BP&#8217;nin %12 ve SOCAR T\u00fcrkiye Enerji A\u015e&#8217;nin de %7 hissesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<sup>\n[7]<\/sup> &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkAk\u0131m:<\/strong> Karadeniz taban\u0131na in\u015fa edilen T\u00fcrkAk\u0131m Do\u011fal\nGaz Boru Hatt\u0131, Rusya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin do\u011fal gaz iletim \u015febekelerini birbirine\nba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Toplam kapasitesi 31,5 milyar m<sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;olan iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden\nolu\u015fan boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n, birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye do\u011fal gaz tedarik ederken,\nikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise, T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinden G\u00fcney ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa\n\u00fclkelerine do\u011fal gaz ta\u015f\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Rusya&#8217;n\u0131n Anapa \u015fehrinden ba\u015flayan ve\nK\u0131rklareli ili K\u0131y\u0131k\u00f6y beldesinde sona eren yakla\u015f\u0131k 930 km uzunlu\u011fundaki\nKaradeniz ge\u00e7i\u015fli deniz k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan her iki hatt\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 19 Kas\u0131m 2018\nitibar\u0131yla tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karada y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen boru hatlar\u0131 yap\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da\n2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanarak i\u015fletmeye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup hem \u00fclkemize hem de\nBulgaristan\u2019a T\u00fcrkAk\u0131m \u00fczerinden do\u011fal gaz aktar\u0131m\u0131 1 Ocak 2020 tarihinde\nba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <sup>[8]<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011falgaz Depolama\nve Yeniden Gazla\u015ft\u0131rma Terminalleri: <\/strong>Boru Hatlar\u0131 ile Petrol Ta\u015f\u0131ma\nAnonim \u015eirketi (BOTA\u015e), taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen iki y\u00fczer s\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f do\u011falgaz\n(LNG) depolama ve yeniden gazla\u015ft\u0131rma terminaline (FSRU) ilave olarak, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc\nFSRU\u2019nun Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda in\u015fas\u0131na da ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. FSRU\u2019lar, b\u00fcnyesinde yer\nalan depolar ile LNG depolanmas\u0131n\u0131, depolanan LNG\u2019nin gazla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve\ny\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7la ana iletim hatt\u0131na iletilmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devreye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin\nilk FSRU\u2019su 145.000 m<sup>3<\/sup> LNG kapasitesine sahip 85 milyon m<sup>3<\/sup>\ndo\u011falgaz\u0131 depolay\u0131p, ulusal \u015febeke sistemine g\u00fcnde 20 milyon m<sup>3<\/sup>\ndo\u011falgaz verilebiliyor ve 50 bin konutun do\u011falgaz ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. <sup>[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BOTA\u015e-D\u00f6rtyol\nFSRU Terminali\u2019nde hizmete al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan FSRU Gemisi 263.000 m<sup>3<\/sup> LNG\ndepolama kapasitesi ile D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck LNG depolama kapasitesine sahip\ngemidir. Gaz formundaki 167 milyon m<sup>3<\/sup> LNG miktar\u0131yla d\u00fcnyadaki\nstandartlar\u0131n bir hayli \u00fcst\u00fcndeki bu tesis ile \u00fclkemizin g\u00fcnl\u00fck LNG gazla\u015ft\u0131rma\nkapasitesi 117 milyon m\u00b3\/g\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <sup>[10]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yeralt\u0131\nDo\u011fal Gaz Depolama Tesisleri:<\/strong> Enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin\nsa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde BOTA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen en \u00f6nemli projelerden\nbirisi de Tuz G\u00f6l\u00fc Yeralt\u0131 Do\u011fal Gaz Depolama Geni\u015fletme Projesidir. 2017\ny\u0131l\u0131nda hizmete giren tesisin 1.etab\u0131 toplam 1,2 milyar m\u00b3 depolama kapasitesine\nsahip 12 kavernadan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Tesisin halihaz\u0131rda g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fcretimi ise 20 milyon\nm\u00b3 t\u00fcr. Projenin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 52 kavernan\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise toplam\nkapasite 5,4 milyar m\u00b3 e ula\u015facakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcretim kapasitesi ise 80 milyon m\u00b3\/g\u00fcn\ne \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. <sup>[11]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Geni\u015fletme\nprojesi devam eden bir di\u011fer proje ise Silivri Do\u011fal Gaz Depolama Projesidir. Hali\nhaz\u0131rda 2,84 milyar m\u00b3 depolama ve 25 milyon m\u00b3\/g\u00fcn \u00fcretim kapasitesi bulunan\n\u0130stanbul ili Silivri il\u00e7esindeki Kuzey Marmara-De\u011firmenk\u00f6y Depolama Tesisi\u2019nde\n2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan proje ile 4,6 milyar m\u00b3 depolama ve\n75 milyon m\u00b3 g\u00fcnl\u00fck geri \u00fcretim kapasitesine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir. Her\niki proje tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, toplamda 10 milyar m\u00b3 l\u00fck bir depolama kapasitesine\nula\u015f\u0131lacak ve 2023&#8217;te y\u0131ll\u0131k t\u00fcketilen do\u011fal gaz\u0131n y\u00fczde 20\u2019si depolanm\u0131\u015f\nolacakt\u0131r.<sup> [12]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yenilenebilir\nEnerji:<\/strong> Arz\ng\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda en b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131y\u0131 birincil kaynaklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z ve\ntamamen yerli olan yenilenebilir enerji sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye uygulam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu\npolitikalar sayesinde son 10 y\u0131lda yenilenebilir enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde iyi d\u00fczeyde\nilerleme kaydetmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinde kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 40 MW\niken Mart 2020 itibariyle 6000 MW\u2019\u0131, r\u00fczg\u00e2rda ise kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz 8000 MW\u2019\u0131\nge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<sup> [13]<\/sup> R\u00fczg\u00e2r ve g\u00fcne\u015fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hidroelektrik, jeotermal\nve biyogaz\u0131nda dahil oldu\u011fu yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin\nkurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki pay\u0131n\u0131n ise her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l daha da artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu\ndurum arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi birincil enerji kaynaklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan\nenerjide d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"942\" height=\"527\" src=\"http:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Tablo-YE..png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Tablo-YE..png 942w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Tablo-YE.-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Tablo-YE.-768x430.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tablo-2 Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Toplam Kurulu G\u00fcc\u00fcndeki Pay\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yenilenebilir\nenerji alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m ve planlama s\u00fcre\u00e7leri h\u0131z kesmeden devam\netmektedir. Bu kapsamda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde yenilenebilir\nenerjinin pay\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racak, y\u00fcksek kapasiteli fotovoltaik g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi\nsantralleri ile kara ve a\u00e7\u0131k deniz r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi santrallerinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131\n\u00f6ng\u00f6ren sabit tarife garantisi esas al\u0131narak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olan yeni ihalelere\n\u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N\u00fckleer\nEnerji:<\/strong> Yap\u0131m\u0131na\nNisan 2018\u2019de ba\u015flanan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk n\u00fckleer santrali Mersin Akkuyu NGS\u2019nin\nde gelecekte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin arz g\u00fcvenline b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sunmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Her biri\n1200 MW g\u00fcce sahip 4 adet reakt\u00f6rden olu\u015fan santralin ilk reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn 2023\ny\u0131l\u0131nda devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131 planlanmakta olup 1 y\u0131l aral\u0131klarla t\u00fcm reakt\u00f6rlerin\ndevreye girmesi hedeflenmektedir.<sup> [14]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sonu\u00e7 olarak, enerjide arz\ng\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n; enerji talebi ve arz\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 en aza\nindirmeye, enerji yo\u011funlu\u011funu azaltarak enerji verimlili\u011fi ve tasarrufunu\nart\u0131rmaya, optimal enerji kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya, enerji arz\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmeye,\nenerji altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya, alternatif ve\nyenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmeye, Ar&amp;Ge faaliyetleri ile yenilik\nve rekabeti te\u015fvik ederek yerli ve milli teknolojik alt yap\u0131y\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya\nba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u015fikard\u0131r. &nbsp;Geli\u015fmekte olan\n\u00fclkelerde enerji arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi politikalar\u0131, \u00f6ncesinde uygulanacak\nstratejilerin hukuk\u00ee, kurumsal ve teknik altyap\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 veya var\nolanlar\u0131n yenilenmesi ve bu ba\u011flamda yasal mevzuat\u0131n s\u00fcrekli elden ge\u00e7irilmesi\nveya varsa uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara uyumlu hale getirilmesi gereklidir. <sup>[15]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynak\u00e7a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 1. Jewell, J. (2011). The IEA Model of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) \u2013 Primary energy Sources and Secondary Fuels. International Energy Agency Working Paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 2. Ediger, V. (2007). Enerji Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Aras\u0131ndaki \u0130li\u015fki, SAREM Enerji Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Sempozyumu, Ankara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 3. Sevim, C. (2009). Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Enerji G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve Paradigma De\u011fi\u015fimleri, Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Dergisi, 13, 93-105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 4. Checci, A., Behrens, A. ve Egenhofer, C. (2009). Long-Term Energy Security Risks for Europe: A Sector-Specific Approach, CEPS Working Document No: 309.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 5. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ab.gov.tr\/fasil-15-enerji_80.html\">T.C. D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 6.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enerji.gov.tr\/File\/?path=ROOT%2F1%2FDocuments%2FE%C4%B0GM%20Ana%20Rapor%2FT%C3%BCrkiye%20Elektrik%20Enerjisi%20Talep%20Projeksiyonu%20Raporu.pdf\"> T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 7. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tanap.com\/tanap-projesi\/tanap-nedir\/\">TANAP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 8. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.botas.gov.tr\/Sayfa\/turkakim-projesi\/123\">BOTA\u015e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 9. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.enerji.gov.tr\/tr-TR\/Bakanlik-Haberleri\/Turkiyenin-Ilk-FSRU-Tesisi-Acildi\">T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 10. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.botas.gov.tr\/Icerik\/dunyanin-en-buyuk-fsru-gemisi\/42\">BOTA\u015e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 11. &nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.botas.gov.tr\/Sayfa\/tuz-golu-dogal-gaz-yer-alti-de\/115\">BOTA\u015e<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 12. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.botas.gov.tr\/Sayfa\/kuzey-marmara-dogal-gaz-depola\/116\">BOTA\u015e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 13. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.teias.gov.tr\/\">TE\u0130A\u015e<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 14. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.akkunpp.com\/\">Akkuyu N\u00fckleer Santrali<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> \u2022 15. Erdal, Leman (2011). Enerji Arz G\u00fcvenli\u011fini Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklar\u0131 Alternatifi, Ayd\u0131n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji politikalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikleri i\u00e7erisinde yer alan, d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, kaynak, g\u00fczerg\u00e2h, teknoloji \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi yarat\u0131lmas\u0131, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve enerji \u00fcretiminde \u00e7evresel kaynaklar\u0131n en aza indirilmesinin temelinde enerjide arz g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[45,44,46,47,19],"class_list":["post-210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-surdurulebilir-kalkinma","tag-arz-guvenligi","tag-enerji","tag-enerji-yatirimlari","tag-santral","tag-surdurulebilir-kalkinma"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":321,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions\/321"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}