{"id":1132,"date":"2025-12-09T08:24:52","date_gmt":"2025-12-09T08:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/?p=1132"},"modified":"2025-12-09T08:24:53","modified_gmt":"2025-12-09T08:24:53","slug":"denizustu-ruzgar-enerjisi-dunyadaki-ve-ulkemizdeki-gelismeler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kalkinmaguncesi.izka.org.tr\/index.php\/2025\/12\/09\/denizustu-ruzgar-enerjisi-dunyadaki-ve-ulkemizdeki-gelismeler\/","title":{"rendered":"Deniz\u00fcst\u00fc R\u00fczg\u00e2r Enerjisi: D\u00fcnyadaki ve \u00dclkemizdeki Geli\u015fmeler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Sena G\u00dcRSOY<\/strong><\/strong>
Uzman<\/em>
Yat<\/em>\u0131r\u0131m Destek Ofisi
<\/em>sena.gursoy@izka.org.tr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyadaki G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enerji alan\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan son veriler, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cenerji i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131n\u201d ortalamadan daha fazla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun sonucunda enerji kaynaklar\u0131na olan talebin y\u00fckseldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Enerjiye olan talebin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde, end\u00fcstrideki t\u00fcketiminin artmas\u0131, ba\u015fta ula\u015f\u0131m olmak \u00fczere elektrifikasyon s\u00fcreci, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile birlikte artan so\u011futma ihtiyac\u0131, dijitalle\u015fme ve yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojilerinin geli\u015fimi etkili olmaktad\u0131r. Olumlu haber, \u00f6zellikle elektrik talebindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyonlu kaynaklar olan yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmesidir. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, toplam enerji arz\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fcmede yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131 %38 ile en b\u00fcy\u00fck paya sahipken, ard\u0131ndan do\u011fal gaz (%28), k\u00f6m\u00fcr (%15), petrol (%11) ve n\u00fckleer enerji (%8) gelmektedir (IEA, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba\u015fta Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131ndakiler olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnya \u00fclkeleri, \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r karbona eri\u015fme\u201d hedeflerinin de tetiklemesiyle birlikte, fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n t\u00fcketimini azaltarak yenilenebilir enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmaya devam etmektedir. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda, yenilenebilir enerji kapasite art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n itici g\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcne\u015f panellerinin maliyetlerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, h\u0131zl\u0131 kurulum imk\u00e2n\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede uygulanabilir olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda eklenen yenilenebilir kapasitenin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinden gelmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin gerisinde kalsa da, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi de yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, toplam art\u0131\u015f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %19\u2019unu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. K\u00fcresel r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kapasitesi y\u0131l boyunca 117 GW artm\u0131\u015f ve 1.136 GW\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle karasal (onshore) r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra deniz\u00fcst\u00fc (offshore) r\u00fczg\u00e2r projelerinin de devreye girmesiyle, r\u00fczg\u00e2r sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (Greenix).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda, r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc d\u00fcnya genelinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlerle y\u00fcz y\u00fczedir. \u00c7in bu alanda da liderli\u011fi ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftir. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle, \u00c7in\u2019in r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 520 GW\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup bunun 80 GW\u2019\u0131 (%15) 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda eklenmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in, sahip oldu\u011fu 41 GW deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r kapasitesiyle, k\u00fcresel deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kapasitesinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 da elinde bulundurmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan analizler, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kapasitesindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n yine \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir (T\u00dcREB, 2025a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019daki durumu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenlemelerin r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi izin s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun, mevcut kapasiteye yenilerin eklenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca, Avrupa \u00fclkelerine 16,4 GW\u2019l\u0131k yeni r\u00fczg\u00e2r kapasitesi eklenmi\u015f, bunun %84\u2019\u00fc (13,8 GW) karasal, %16\u2019s\u0131 (2,6 GW) ise deniz\u00fcst\u00fc projeler olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n toplam r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kapasitesi 285 GW\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olup bunun %87\u2019sini (248 GW) karasal, %13\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc (37 GW) deniz\u00fcst\u00fc kapasite olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (T\u00dcREB, 2025a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 1: Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc (MW)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: WindEurope (2025)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sekiz projede 253 yeni t\u00fcrbini devreye alarak deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r kapasitesini 2,6 GW artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eklemelerle birlikte, Avrupa’n\u0131n toplam kurulu deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r kapasitesi, 13 \u00fclkedeki 6.592 t\u00fcrbinle 36,7 GW’a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan yeni kapasitede Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n pay\u0131 neredeyse yar\u0131ya yak\u0131nken, Fransa bug\u00fcne kadarki en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fczer (floating) r\u00fczg\u00e2r \u00e7iftli\u011fini hizmete sokmu\u015ftur. 2025-2030 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Avrupa\u2019ya 187 GW yeni r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kapasitesinin eklenece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir (WindEurope, 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 2: Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde 2014-2024 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fimi (GW)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: WindEurope (2025)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizdeki Mevcut Durum:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi son 20 y\u0131lda \u00fclkemizde de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme sergilemi\u015ftir. 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir-\u00c7e\u015fme\u2019de devreye al\u0131nan ilk r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi santrali (RES) ile ba\u015flayan yolculukta gelinen noktada \u00fclkemiz, r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Avrupa\u2019da Almanya, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, \u0130spanya, Fransa ve \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in ard\u0131ndan alt\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 sonu itibariyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin r\u00fczg\u00e2rdaki kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 13,8 GW\u2019a y\u00fckselmi\u015f, i\u015fletmedeki t\u00fcrbin say\u0131s\u0131 4.569\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin r\u00fczg\u00e2r potansiyelinin, teorik olarak, karasalda 130 GW\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerinde, deniz\u00fcst\u00fcnde ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 GW (baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 75 GW) oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, halen karasal ve deniz\u00fcst\u00fcnde sahip oldu\u011fu r\u00fczg\u00e2r potansiyelinin sadece %8\u2019ini kullanabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hedefler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynak Alan\u0131 (YEKA) yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile r\u00fczg\u00e2rda 9-10 GW aras\u0131nda yeni kapasite tahsisinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. H\u00fck\u00fcmetleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalarla 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 3-5 GW aras\u0131 bir kapasitenin tahsis edilmesi s\u00f6z konusudur. 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi santrallerine ise 5 GW\u2019l\u0131k kapasitenin tahsis edilmesi hedeflenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu rakamlar\u0131n toplam\u0131 olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 GW\u2019l\u0131k ilave kapasiteyle birlikte, r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na tahsis edilen kapasitenin 46 GW\u2019a yakla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (T\u00dcREB, 2025b). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinleri, daha \u00f6nce eri\u015filemeyen alanlarda r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Karasal r\u00fczg\u00e2r santrallerinin kurulabilece\u011fi potansiyel b\u00f6lgelerin giderek azalmas\u0131, \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi fikrini tetiklemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, hen\u00fcz bir deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi santraline sahip olmasa da bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar bir s\u00fcredir devam etmektedir. \u00dclkemizdeki deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r potansiyelinin de\u011ferlendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik ilk resmi ad\u0131m, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan YEKA s\u00fcrecidir. Bakanl\u0131k, deniz\u00fcst\u00fc santralleri desteklemek amac\u0131yla ihale a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ancak bu ihale yetersiz talep nedeniyle iptal edilmi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7en s\u00fcrede konuyu tekrar g\u00fcndemine alan Bakanl\u0131k, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda, deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt aday YEKA alan\u0131 belirlemi\u015ftir: Band\u0131rma a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 (1.111 km\u00b2), Bozcaada k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 (299 km\u00b2), Gelibolu a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 (75,6 km\u00b2) ve Karabiga k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 (410 km\u00b2) .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 3: Deniz\u00fcst\u00fc RES Aday YEKA Alanlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gelinen noktada, belirlenen alanlar i\u00e7in fizibilite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda Marmara Denizi\u2019nde meteorolojik ve fiziksel o\u015finografi (metocean) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmler i\u00e7in, Marmara k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde 126 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe sahip \u00fc\u00e7 adet kafes r\u00fczg\u00e2r \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm dire\u011fi kurulurken, Marmara denizi a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na iki adet y\u00fczer LiDAR sistemi yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bir y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler sayesinde, d\u00fczenlenecek YEKA ihalelerinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini sa\u011flayacak fizibilite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan verilerin toplanmas\u0131 hedeflenmektedir (Ye\u015filekonomi).<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar 2023\u2019te belirlenen aday deniz\u00fcst\u00fc YEKA alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunmasa da, deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi potansiyelinin olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bilinen Alia\u011fa ve \u00c7andarl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesini kapsayan bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, \u0130zmir Kalk\u0131nma Ajans\u0131 (\u0130ZKA) taraf\u0131ndan \u0130zmir Y\u00fcksek Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc R\u00fczg\u00e2r Enerjisi Meteorolojisi ve \u00c7evresel Uygulama ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi (R\u00dcZMER) i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hedefi, deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi alan\u0131ndaki potansiyel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n karar almas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 verilerin \u00fcretilmesidir. \u00dclkemizde bir ilk olarak, Alia\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131ndaki K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ada \u00fczerine kurulan 40 m. uzunlu\u011fundaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm dire\u011fi \u00fczerinde bulunan hassas cihazlar sayesinde elde edilen veriler akademisyenlerce analiz edilerek kamuoyuyla payla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r (\u0130ZKA)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekil 4: \u0130zmir-Alia\u011fa K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ada \u00fczerinde bulunan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm dire\u011fi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak: \u0130ZKA<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi, bu alandaki teknolojinin de geli\u015fimiyle birlikte d\u00fcnyada h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir sekt\u00f6r haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 2024 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kapasitesi 3,1 GW\u2019den 78,5 GW\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genellikle sabit temelli t\u00fcrbinler kullan\u0131larak s\u0131\u011f sulara kurulan deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r santrallerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, y\u00fczer deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinleri giderek yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r t\u00fcrbinlerinin daha derin sulara kurulmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hen\u00fcz faaliyette olan bir deniz\u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi santrali bulunmamakla birlikte, Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201c2035 y\u0131l\u0131nda 5 GW deniz \u00fcst\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2r enerjisi kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fma\u201d hedefi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, aday YEKA alanlar\u0131 belirlenmi\u015f ve bu alanlarda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmeler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, potansiyeli bulunan di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeleri de i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde, do\u011fru ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir planlamayla al\u0131nacak aksiyonlar, \u00fclkemizi yak\u0131n bir gelecekte, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6nemli payda\u015flar\u0131ndan biri haline getirebilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n